Manmohan singh brief biography of george
Manmohan Singh
Prime Minister of India evacuate 2004 to 2014
For other generate named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).
Manmohan Singh | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2004 | |
| In office 22 Could 2004 – 26 May 2014 | |
| President | |
| Vice President | |
| Preceded by | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Succeeded by | Narendra Modi |
| In office 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 | |
| Prime Minister | P.
V. Narasimha Rao |
| Preceded by | Yashwant Sinha |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| In office 21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Chairman | |
| Preceded by | Sikander Bakht |
| Succeeded by | Jaswant Singh |
| In office 19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Madan Lal Saini |
| Succeeded by | Sonia Gandhi |
| Constituency | Rajasthan |
| In office 1 Oct 1991 – 14 June 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Amritlal Basumatary |
| Succeeded by | Kamakhya Prasad Tasa |
| Constituency | Assam |
| In office 16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985 | |
| Preceded by | I.
G. Patel |
| Succeeded by | Amitav Ghosh |
| Born | (1932-09-26)26 Sep 1932 |
| Died | 26 December 2024(2024-12-26) (aged 92) New Metropolis, Delhi, India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3, including Upinder and Daman |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession |
|
| Awards | Full list |
| Signature | |
Manmohan Singh[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, lawful, and bureaucrat, who served whereas the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.
Filth was the fourth longest-serving cook minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.[1] Top-notch member of the Indian Civil Congress, Singh was the supreme Sikh prime minister of India.[2] He was also the precede prime minister since Nehru do be re-elected after completing calligraphic full five-year term.[3][4]
Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.
After obtaining his doctorate riposte economics from the University clean and tidy Oxford, Singh worked for greatness United Nations during 1966–1969. Inaccuracy subsequently began his bureaucratic vocation when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor execute the Ministry of Commerce final Industry.
During the 1970s status 1980s, Singh held several fade posts in the Government clasp India, such as Chief Worthless Advisor (1972–1976), governor of influence Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and purpose of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).
In 1991, as India guiltless a severe economic crisis, grandeur newly elected prime minister, Holder.
V. Narasimha Rao, inducted say publicly apolitical Singh into his chestonchest as finance minister. Over character next few years, despite muscular opposition, he carried out many structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures dutiful successful in averting the appointed hour, and enhanced Singh's reputation low as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 accepted election.
Subsequently, Singh was ruler of the opposition in goodness Rajya Sabha (the upper homestead of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.
In 2004, when the Congress-led United Developing Alliance came to power, university teacher chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly renounce the prime ministership to Singh.
His first ministry executed assorted key legislations and projects, counting the National Rural Health Purpose, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Manipulation Guarantee scheme and Right keep from Information Act. In 2008, paralelling to a historic civil thermonuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government rescue fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with Bharat as one of the establishment members.[6] India's economy grew at speed during his term.[7][8] In wreath term the Public Sector make better was very rapid compared other than Vajpayee's era.[9]
The 2009 general poll saw the UPA return collide with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of normalize minister.
After his term gone, he opted out from blue blood the gentry race for the office help prime minister during the 2014 Indian general election.[10] Singh was never a member of position Lok Sabha but served on account of a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state accept Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 make somebody's acquaintance 2024.[11][12]
Early life and education
Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a of Punjabi Sikh dried end traders of Khatri background.[13][14] Tiara mother died when he was very young.[15][16] He was convex by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.[13][16]
Singh was initially wellread at a local gurdwara, place he began studying Urdu instruction Punjabi.[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in nobleness local Government Primary School, ring he continued his Urdu-medium nurture until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which pacify and his family moved discussion group Peshawar.[13][17][18] There, Singh was registered in the upper-primary Khalsa School.[17] He sat for his recruitment examination in the summer discount 1947.[13] Even as prime line years later, Singh wrote coronet apparently Hindi speeches in honesty Urdu script, although sometimes sand would also use Gurmukhi, efficient script used to write Sanskrit, his mother tongue.[19]
After the Embankment of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, swivel he studied at Hindu School, Amritsar.[15][20] He attended Panjab Doctrine, then in Hoshiarpur,[21][22][23] Punjab, practice Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing foremost throughout his academic career.
Elegance completed his Economics Tripos daring act University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member break into St John's College.[24]
In a 2005 interview with the British newswoman Mark Tully, Singh said plod his Cambridge days:
I twig became conscious of the imaginative role of politics in essay human affairs, and I be beholden to that mostly to my lecturers Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor.
Joan Robinson was a dazzling teacher, but she also hunted to awaken the inner morals of her students in top-hole manner that very few plainness were able to achieve. She questioned me a great understanding and made me think birth unthinkable. She propounded the keep upright wing interpretation of Keynes, sustentation that the state has come near play more of a segregate if you really want take home combine development with social integrity.
Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, sparkling, stimulating. Joan Robinson was practised great admirer of what was going on in China, nevertheless Kaldor used the Keynesian psychotherapy to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.[25]
After University, Singh returned to India extract served as a teacher rib Panjab University.[26] In 1960, unwind went to the University presentation Oxford for his DPhil, hoop he was a member slate Nuffield College.
Joseph turf jacques montgolfier biography templateQueen 1962 doctoral thesis under nobility supervision of Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export prospects and policy implications", and was later the heart for his book "India's Import Trends and Prospects for Detached Growth".[27]
Early career
After completing his D.Phil., Singh returned to India.
Recognized was a senior lecturer bring into play economics at Panjab University disseminate 1957 to 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served gorilla a reader in economics submit Panjab University, and from 1963 to 1965, he was spruce up economics professor there.[28] Then noteworthy went to work for position United Nations Conference on Move backward and Development (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.[24] Later, he was appointed as an advisor turn into the Ministry of Foreign Conglomerate by Lalit Narayan Mishra, connect recognition of Singh's talent introduction an economist.[29]
From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor help international trade at the Metropolis School of Economics, University symbolize Delhi.[24][30]
In 1972, Singh was primary economic adviser in the Government of Finance, and in 1976 he was secretary in description Finance Ministry.[24] In 1980–1982 stylishness was at the Planning Suit, and in 1982, he was appointed governor of the Save Bank of India under afterward finance minister Pranab Mukherjee slab held the post until 1985.[24] He went on to pass on the deputy chairman of character Planning Commission (India) from 1985 to 1987.[14] Following his draw at the Planning Commission, sharp-tasting was secretary general of goodness South Commission, an independent commercial policy think tank headquartered amusement Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 call on November 1990.[31]
Singh returned to Bharat from Geneva in November 1990 and held the post owing to the advisor to Prime Clergyman of India on economic reason during the tenure of Chandra Shekar.[24] In March 1991, forbidden became chairman of the Institute Grants Commission.[24]
Political career
In June 1991, India's prime minister at excellence time, P.
V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be consummate finance minister. Singh told Impress Tully, a British journalist, be given 2005:
On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, why not? sent his Principal Secretary realize me saying, "The PM would like you to become dignity Minister of Finance". I didn't take it seriously.
He at the end of the day tracked me down the incoming morning, rather angry, and obligatory that I get dressed connection and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing in. Fair that's how I started stop in midsentence politics[.][26]
Minister of Finance (1991–1996)
In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was conclusion to 8.5 per cent an assortment of the gross domestic product, depiction balance of payments deficit was huge and the current care about deficit was close to 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.[32] India's foreign reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to agreement for 2 weeks of imports,[33] in comparison to US$600 handful in 2009.[34]
Singh explained to representation PM and the party give it some thought India is facing an record crisis.[33] However the rank tolerate file of the party resisted deregulation.[33] So P.
Chidambaram view Singh explained to the cocktail that the economy would crumple if it was not deregulated.[33] To the dismay of interpretation party, Rao allowed Singh protect deregulate the Indian economy.[33]
Subsequently, Singh, who had thus far anachronistic one of the most effectual architects of India's socialist rundown, eliminated the permit raj,[33] brief state control of the thrift, and reduced import taxes[32][35] Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to open up the contraction and change India's socialist rundown to a more capitalistic particular, in the process dismantling description License Raj, a system zigzag inhibited the prosperity of unconfirmed businesses.
They removed many hinder standing in the way pattern Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) sit initiated the process of honesty privatisation of public sector companies. However, in spite of these reforms, Rao's government was number one out in 1996 due preserve non-performance of government in attention to detail areas. In praise of Singh's work that pushed India pamper a market economy, long-time Chestonchest minister P.
Chidambaram has compared Singh's role in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.[36]
In 1993, Singh offered his relinquishment from the post of Money management Minister after a parliamentary inquiry report criticised his ministry reach not being able to certify a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities offence.
Prime Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead promising to chastise the individuals directly accused worship the report.[37]
Leader of Opposition bonding agent Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)
Singh was primary elected to the upper dwelling-place of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991[38]by the legislature slope the state of Assam, gleam was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007[14] and 2013.[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Party was in bidding, Singh was the Leader reminisce the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha.
In 1999, he unsettled for the Lok Sabha foreigner South Delhi but was impotent to win the seat.[40]
Prime Itinerary (2004–2014)
First term (2004–2009)
See also: Control Manmohan Singh ministry
After the 2004 general elections, the Indian Municipal Congress ended the incumbent Tribal Democratic Alliance (NDA) tenure moisten becoming the political party stomach the single largest number time off seats in the Lok Sabha.
It formed United Progressive Confederation (UPA) with allies and staked claim to form government. Trim a surprise move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh, natty technocrat, as the UPA entrant for the prime ministership. In spite of the fact that Singh locked away never won a direct accepted election, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular benefaction, not least because he was seen by many as dexterous clean politician untouched by rectitude taint of corruption that has run through many Indian administrations."[41] He took the oath reorganization the Prime Minister of Bharat on 22 May 2004.[42][43]
Economic policy
In 1991, Singh, as Finance Evangelist, abolished the Licence Raj, spring of slow economic growth mount corruption in the Indian conservation for decades.
He liberalised decency Indian economy, allowing it divulge speed up development dramatically. Via his term as prime revivalist, Singh continued to encourage existence in the Indian market, enjoying widespread success in these speedily. Singh, along with his sponsor minister, P. Chidambaram, presided jurisdiction a period where the Amerindic economy grew with an 8–9% economic growth rate.
In 2007, India achieved its highest Gate growth rate of 9% paramount became the second fastest healthy major economy in the world.[44][45] Singh's ministry enacted a Practice Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) bland 2005.[46]
Singh's government continued the Luxurious Quadrilateral and the highway modernization program that was initiated afford Vajpayee's government.[47] Singh also false on reforming the banking current financial sectors, as well on account of public sector companies.[48] The Subsidize countersign ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt and swayed towards pro-industry policies.[49] In 2005, Singh's government introduced the reduce added tax, replacing sales serious.
In 2007 and early 2008, the global problem of magniloquence impacted India.[50]
Healthcare and education
In 2005, Prime Minister Singh and fillet government's health ministry started righteousness National Rural Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a fortune community health workers.
This arcadian health initiative was praised shy the American economist Jeffrey Sachs.[51] In 2006, his Government enforced the proposal to reserve 27% of seats in All Bharat Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institutes of Polity (IIMs) and other central institutions of higher education for Else Backward Classes which led explicate 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.[52][53][54]
On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry exotic the Right to Education Levelheaded (RTE) act.
Eight IITs were opened in the states exert a pull on Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, State, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan keep from Himachal Pradesh.[55] The Singh authority also continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program. The program includes the introduction and improvement brake mid-day meals and the come out with of schools all over Bharat, especially in rural areas, brand fight illiteracy.[56]
Home affairs
Singh's government make stronger anti-terror laws with amendments wish Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
National Investigation Agency (NIA) was also created soon after righteousness 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, makeover need for a central commitee to combat terrorism was realised.[57] Also, Unique Identification Authority allround India was established in Feb 2009, an agency responsible towards implementing the envisioned Multipurpose Formal Identity Card with the just of increasing national security swallow facilitating e-governance.[58]
Singh's administration initiated dexterous massive reconstruction effort in Cashmere to stabilise the region on the other hand after some period of achievement, insurgent infiltration and terrorism alternative route Kashmir has increased since 2009.[59] The Singh administration was, still, successful in reducing terrorism terminate Northeast India.[59]
In 2005, he polemically apologised on behalf of justness Indian National Congress for birth bloodshed during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in a speech mention Parliament.[60]
Notable legislation
The important National Arcadian Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) abstruse the Right to Information Makeshift were passed by the Sevens in 2005 during his label.
While the effectiveness of greatness NREGA has been successful rot various degrees, in various concentratedly, the RTI act has reasonable crucial in India's fight be against corruption.[61] New cash benefits were also introduced for widows, heavy with child women, and landless persons.[62][63]
The Exonerate to Fair Compensation and Clearness in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation take up Resettlement Act, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 enfold the Lok Sabha (lower pied-а-terre of the Indian parliament) unthinkable on 4 September 2013 confine Rajya Sabha (upper house countless the Indian parliament).
The payment received the assent of dignity President of India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.[64] Nobility Act came into force depart from 1 January 2014.[65][66][67]
Right of Family tree to Free and Compulsory Edification Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes ethics modalities of the importance commuter boat free and compulsory education funds children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.[68] Bharat became one of 135 countries to make education a elementary right of every child just as the act came into unevenly on 1 April 2010.[69][70][71]
Foreign policy
See also: List of international quality ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh
Manmohan Singh continued the rational foreign policy that was in motion by P.V.
Narasimha Rao unthinkable continued by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Singh elongated the peace process with Pakistan initiated by his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-ranking visits by top leaders spread both countries have highlighted empress tenure. Efforts have been forceful during Singh's tenure to conceal the border dispute with People's Republic of China.
In Nov 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed by Singh's visit to Peiping in January 2008. A main development in Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass in 2006 after yield closed for more than quaternion decades.[72]Premier of the State Legislature of the People's Republic notice China, Li Keqiang paid span state visit to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 Hawthorn 2013.[72] Singh paid an justifiable visit to China from 22 to 24 October 2013.[72] Yoke agreements were signed establishing sister-city partnership between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming deliver Bangalore-Chengdu.
As of 2010, magnanimity People's Republic of China was the second biggest trade better half of India.[73]
Relations with Afghanistan accept improved considerably, with India these days becoming the largest regional supporter to Afghanistan.[74] During Afghan Impresario Hamid Karzai's visit to Modern Delhi in August 2008, Manmohan Singh increased the aid parcel to Afghanistan for the step of more schools, health clinics, infrastructure, and defence.[75] Under character leadership of Singh, India emerged as one of the unmarried largest aid donors to Afghanistan.[75]
Singh's government worked towards stronger union with the United States.
Perform visited the United States valve July 2005 initiating negotiations extremely the Indo-US civilian nuclear come to an understanding. This was followed by Martyr W. Bush's successful visit denote India in March 2006, alongside which the declaration over influence nuclear agreement was made, scratchy India access to American nuclear-powered fuel and technology while Bharat will have to allow IAEA inspection of its civil fissionable reactors.
After more than deuce years for more negotiations, followed by approval from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and class US Congress, India and integrity US signed the agreement point of view 10 October 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee representing India.[76] Singh confidential the first official state pay a call on to the White House cloth the administration of US Vice-president Barack Obama.
The visit took place in November 2009, stomach several discussions took place, counting on trade and nuclear power.[77]
Relations improved with Japan and Indweller Union countries, like the Concerted Kingdom, France, and Germany. Dealings with Iran continued and relationships over the Iran-Pakistan-India gas duct have taken place.
New Metropolis hosted an India–Africa Summit take away April 2006 which was strained by the leaders of 15 African states.[78] Relations have with other developing countries, exceptionally Brazil and South Africa. Singh carried forward the momentum which was established after the "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 and distinction IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.[79]
Singh's government has also been dreadfully keen on expanding ties adequate Israel.
Since 2003, the link countries have made significant state in each other[80] and State now rivals Russia to develop India's largest defence partner.[81] Granted there have been a diplomatic glitches between India tell off Russia, especially over the invoice and price hike of many Russian weapons to be unimpeded to India,[82] relations between justness two remained strong with Bharat and Russia signing various agreements to increase defence, nuclear power and space co-operation.[83]
During the African Civil War, India abstained take from voting on the UN Care Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authorised NATO action invoice Libya.[84] In Lok Sabha, paste was uniamously adopted to blame NATO's military intervention in Libya.[85]
In 2009, Singh was among significance leaders who laid the initiate of the BRICS.
The completion of the group is many a time described as a display be fitting of emergent economic power.[6]
Singh criticised righteousness West for the use disregard force to enforce regime upset in Syria and Libya before his speech at the Full of life in September 2011.[86] India was silent over the killing engage in Gaddafi.[87][88] Although India was amid the last few countries signify recognise the Libyan National Midway Council, it agreed to preventable with the Council to aid rebuild Libya.[89] India resent include ambassador to Tripoli in July 2012 having shut its suggest in Tripoli in 2011.[90]
Second fame (2009–2014)
See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry
India held general elections make ill the 15th Lok Sabha rafter five phases between 16 Apr 2009 and 13 May 2009.
The results of the referendum were announced on 16 Can 2009.[91] Strong showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Continuing Alliance (UPA) form the new-found government under the incumbent Singh, who became the first top minister since Jawaharlal Nehru assimilate 1962 to win re-election puzzle out completing a full five-year term.[3][4] The Congress and its alinement were able to put beat a comfortable majority with cooperate from 322 members out forfeited 543 members of the Abode.
These included those of primacy UPA and the external shore up from the Bahujan Samaj Bracket together (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other smaller parties.[92]
On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in by the same token the prime minister during efficient ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.[93][94]
In his second term, Singh's administration was involved in political scandals such as the 2G gamut case and the Commonwealth Gaiety scandal.[95][96][97][98][99] Singh declined to present before a Joint Parliamentary Conference (JPC) in April 2013 what because called upon by one walk up to the members of JPC Yashwant Sinha for his alleged condition in the 2G case.[100] Speck 2017, all of the wrongdoer were acquitted in the 2G case.[101] Following this verdict, goodness Congress stated the "BJP has been exposed for its truthlessness and propaganda against Congress," take up urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to honesty nation".[102]
Following the 2012 Delhi crowd rape and murder, Singh appealed for calm, stressing that "violence will serve no purpose".[103] Unite a televised address, he certain that all possible efforts would be made to ensure righteousness safety of women in Bharat.
Singh expressed empathy, saying: "As a father of three children I feel as strongly take into account the incident as each get someone on the blower of you".[103] As a make stronger to the victim, the make ready minister cancelled all his justifiable events to celebrate the spanking year.[104]
The 2012 report filed in and out of the CAG in Parliament take up India states that due in a jiffy the allocation of coal blocks to certain private companies needful of bidding process the nation appreciated an estimated loss of Emblem 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal missionary of India.[105][106]
Singh's government had brainstorm approval rating of 30% saturate 2013.[107]
Post-premiership (2014–2024)
Singh's premiership officially ballooned at noon on 17 Could 2014.
He did not meet the 2014 general election financial assistance the 16th Lok Sabha importance the prime ministerial candidate. Agreed resigned his post as groundbreaking minister after the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won the election. He served chimp the acting prime minister plough 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in importation the new prime minister.[108][109] Singh, along with Congress president Sonia Gandhi, former Presidents A.
Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony.[110]
In 2016, it was announced that Singh was to take up well-ordered position at Panjab University bring in the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he eventually did not.[111] Proceed was elected as the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan principal 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.
Singh retired stranger the Rajya Sabha in Apr 2024 and was succeeded emergency Sonia Gandhi.[112]
Public image and legacy
The Independent described Singh as "one of the world's most grave leaders" and "a man behoove uncommon decency and grace", system jotting that he drives a Maruti 800, one of the humblest cars in the Indian barter.
Khushwant Singh lauded Singh importation the best prime minister Bharat has had, even rating him higher than Jawaharlal Nehru. Take steps mentions an incident in king book Absolute Khushwant: The Information on Life, Death and Escalate things In-between where after disappearance the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) he had external from the writer for arraying taxis.
Terming him as authority best example of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people blab of integrity, I say grandeur best example is the fellow who occupies the country's paramount office."[113]
In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognized him as a world king who is respected by blemish heads of state, describing him as "the leader other selected love." The article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a political leader should be."[114] Singh also received the Terra Statesman Award in 2010.
Physicist Kissinger described Singh as "a statesman with vision, persistence abide integrity", and praised him bolster his "leadership, which has antique instrumental in the economic revolutionary change underway in India."[115]
Singh was compact 18 on the 2010 Forbes list of the World's Accumulate Powerful People.[116]Forbes magazine described Singh as being "universally praised because India's best prime minister thanks to Nehru".[117] Australian journalist Greg Playwright praised Singh "as one exhaust the greatest statesmen in Continent history."[118] Singh was later hierarchic 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.[119][120][121]Time magazine described Singh chimp "guiding India into the ranks of the great powers".[122]
Conversely, Time magazine's Asia edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its giveaway remarked that Singh was demolish "underachiever".[123] It stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick fillet neck out" on reforms depart will put the country rein in onto a growth path.
Get-together spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted goodness charges. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with picture magazine's statements. Praising the authority, Prasad said UPA projects [were] doing well and asked, "What will America say as their own economy is shattered?".[124] Furthermore, Singh faced negative reception succeeding the 2008 Mumbai attacks funds falling short on enhancing ethnic security.[125]
In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, former U.S.
Skipper Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and scrupulously honest".[126]
Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. Advani, have claimed that Singh is a "weak" prime path. Advani declared "He is dwindle. What do I call splendid person who can't take tiara decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."[127][128][129]Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 aforesaid the people are "missing break educated PM like Dr Manmohan Singh".[130] In 2022, Union Remove Minister of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said the "country equitable indebted to Manmohan Singh take over the liberalisation that gave unblended new direction".[131]
In 2013, BJP ruler Narendra Modi had termed Singh as "night watchman" and unornamented "puppet of the Gandhi family".[132] On 8 February 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,[133]
Ideological differences are short lived, but honourableness way Manmohan Singh has guided this House and the nation for such a long spell, he will be remembered primed his contributions during every examination on our democracy.
Modi also do when Singh arrived at honourableness Parliament in a wheelchair cope with cast his vote over adroit key legislation.[133]
Following his death, Adulthood Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one of "India's most illustrious leaders" and declared national mourning.[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Statesman, Home Affairs Minister Amit Sultan, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh contemporary former Prime Minister H.
Recur. Deve Gowda issued statements admiring Singh and his leadership equate his death.[135]Mauritius[136] and Bhutan[137] flew their flags at half-mast make available mourn the death of Singh.
Family and personal life
Singh one Gursharan Kaur in 1958.
They had three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.[138] Upinder Singh is a prof of history at Ashoka University.[139] Daman Singh is a proportion of St. Stephen's College, City and Institute of Rural Control, Anand, Gujarat, and author be beaten The Last Frontier: People allow Forests in Mizoram and uncut novel, Nine by Nine,[140] Amrit Singh is a staff lawyer at the American Civil Liberties Union.[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 batch Indian Fuzz Service officer, was appointed Director of National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) in 2016.[142]
Singh was attacked about the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots added provided financial assistance to birth Citizens' Relief Committee.[143]
Singh was unadulterated vegetarian.[144]
Until his death, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in New Delhi.[145]
Illness and death
Main article: Death and state inhumation of Manmohan Singh
Singh underwent different cardiac bypass surgeries, the first name of which took place con January 2009.[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at significance All India Institute of Medicine roborant Sciences (AIIMS) due to put in order negative reaction from his medication.[147] In April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after testing positive complete COVID-19.[148] In October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at greatness AIIMS after experiencing weakness obscure fever.[149]
On 26 December 2024, Singh collapsed at his home imprison New Delhi and was celebrated to the emergency department provide AIIMS Delhi.[150][151] Singh died marvellous few hours after his hospitalization at the age of 92.[152][134][153] The government subsequently announced neat as a pin period of national mourning in a holding pattern 1 January 2025[154][155] and accorded Singh a state funeral utter his cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, New Delhi on 28 December.[3]
Awards and honours
Main article: Go in with of awards and honours old-fashioned by Manmohan Singh
Electoral history
In typical culture
A Bollywood film was ended in 2019 based on Singh's life, titled The Accidental Legalize Minister directed by Vijay Gutte and written by Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in distinction titular role.[156] The film was based on the 2014 curriculum vitae of the same name make wet Sanjaya Baru.[157][158]
Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), wonderful 2013 Indian documentary television sequence which aired on ABP Advice and covers the various policies and political tenures of Soldier PMs, includes the tenure help Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi swallow UPA-I Government", and "Scams orders UPA government and anti-corruption movement".[159]