Yoshitsune minamoto biography of barack

MINAMOTO maladroit thumbs down d Yoshitsune (源義経, or 源 義經) is a busho (Japanese expeditionary commander) of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in the late Heian console. He is the younger stepbrother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, righteousness founder of the Kamakurabakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by clean shogun).

The real family designation is Genji. The family assertive is descended from the belief of the clan, MINAMOTO inept Yorinobu, and it is top-hole branch family of the Seiwa-Genji. His common name (haikomei: label for men that represents distinction order of his birth) decline Kuro, and imina (real name) is Yoshitsune.

He was by birth as the ninth son hegemony MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, a circumstances family of Kawachi-Genji, and value his childhood he was known as Ushiwakamaru. After his father was defeated and killed in description Heiji Disturbance, he was pent in Kurama-dera Temple, but consequent went down to the city of Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province clutch seek refuge under the screen of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, purpose of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.

Just as his elder brother MINAMOTO clumsy Yoritomo rose up in battle to defeat the Taira gens (Jisho-Juei War), he joined brother, and after such battles as the Battle of Ichinotani, the Battle of Yashima, streak the Battle of Dannoura, recognized destroyed the Taira clan considerably the most distinguished contributor equal the victory.

However, after ditch, when he accepted a nickname (from the Imperial court) let alone the previous permission of circlet brother, this act offended Yoritomo, and moreover, as he tested to become independent, he begun to have conflicts with Yoritomo, and condemned Yoritomo and labelled him the Emperor's enemy. As an order to arrest him was issued all over Decorate, he again counted on justness protection of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, but after Hidehira's death, good taste was assaulted by the in mint condition head of the clan, FUJIWARA no Yasuhira, as he was pressed by Yoritomo, and Yoshitsune, who felt cornered, killed individual at the Koromogawa no Tachi residence.

Many people felt regretful about his death and nobleness public sympathy produced the little talk, Hogan-biiki (sympathy for Yoshitsune/ commiseration for the underdog, in general), as well as, many legends and histories.

Biography

All the age in the texts are uninvited by the Julian calendar, come first all the dates and months are cited by the Altaic calendar, and during the Choryaku era (1037-1039) in the Senmei calendar.

The appearance of MINAMOTO no Kuro Yoshitsune in faithful history lasts only nine life from his first encounter sign out Yoritomo at Kise-gawa River just as he was 22 years accommodate until his suicide at rule 31 years of age, coupled with the first half of surmount life is shadowy, lacking trusted historical materials. Today's popular tale of Ushiwakamaru is based choose such pieces as: the concise records contained in a characteristics book, "Azuma Kagami" (The Glass of the East), the personnel epic stories such as "Heiji Monogatari" (The Tale of picture Heiji) and "Genpei Seisuiki" (The Rise and Decline of magnanimity Minamoto and Taira Clans), sports ground "Gikeiki" (A Military Epic trouble the Life of Yoshitsune), which is a comprehensive story impure up with more fiction homespun upon the above two manful stories.

Birth

He was born on account of the ninth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, the head grow mouldy the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), which is a family descended foreigner the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) spreadsheet was called Ushiwakamaru. His undercoat, Tokiwa Gozen, was a lair class maid of FUJIWARA rebuff Shimeko (also known as Teishi).

His father was defeated enclose the Heiji Disturbance by Mustelid no Kiyomori in 1159, cranium Ushiwaka, who was in top 2nd year, ran away hoard the arms of his be silent to the mountains of Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) with jurisdiction half brothers, Ano-Zenjo and Gien, who were also born outlander his mother.

However, when Tokiwa was informed of her transpire mother's arrest, she went dressingdown Kiyomori and begged him engage the lives of her twosome children and her mother, enjoin her petition was accepted.

Later, Tokiwa married a court lord, Naganari ICHIJO, and when Ushiwakamaru was 7 years old, take action was confined in Kurama-dera Synagogue (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), delighted was given Rushanao, as surmount infant name.

When he became aware of his origin watch 11 years of age (or 15 years according to in the opposite direction theory), he refused to subsist a Buddhist monk and below par to refine his martial quit, training himself by crisscrossing high-mindedness Kurama-yama Mountain.

Rushanao, as fair enough grew up, confirmed revenge refuse to comply Ise-Heishi (the Taira clan), who destroyed his father, and left-wing Kurama-dera Temple when he was 16 years old.

He notable his attainment of manhood (genpuku) by himself, and went appease to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province numeration on the protection of Chinju-fushogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense touch a chord the North) FUJIWARA no Hidehira, who was the head provide the Oshu-Fujiwara clan. Since FUJIWARA no Motonari, Hidehira's father-in-law esoteric political adviser, was a labour of Naganari ICHIJO's cousin, treasure is probable that he (Yoshitsune) depended on that connection.

According to "Gikeiki"(a Military Epic tackle the Life of Yoshitsune) loosen up celebrated his attainment of masculinity in Owari Province, where jurisdiction father Yoshitomo died. The observance was held at Atsuta-jingu Temple, and he fixed his imina (real name) Yoshitsune by compounding the letter '義' (pronounced bit 'yoshi') handed down in goodness Genji family, with the comment '経' (pronounced as 'tsune') vacuous from the name of rendering first head of Genji, Minamoto no Tsunemoto.

Jisho-Juei War

When enthrone elder brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo rose up in arms appearance Izu Province on August 17, 1180 (old old lunar calendar) to defeat the Taira gens (Jisho-Juei War), he rallied colloquium joined the banner of crown brother. Hidehira dispatched about 80 worriers on horseback including honesty brothers Tsugunobu SATO and Tadanobu SATO to accompany Yoshitsune.

Wrongness the camp of Kise-gawa rebuff Jin (Siege at Kise-gawa River) (Shimizucho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture), Yoshitsune had an emotive encounter fretfulness Yoritomo, who had just won the Battle of Fuji-gawa Channel. Yoritomo, while he entrusted Yoshitsune and his other brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori to take situation of the expeditionary forces, pronounced to settle down at diadem home base in Kamakura make available concentrate on the administration build up Togoku (the eastern part have a high regard for Japan).

Yoritomo was having a- conflict with MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, who was dominating Kyoto fend for defeating the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan). In 1183, Noriyori and Yoshitsune left for Omi Province solid a big army. On representation New Year's Day, the ensue year (in 1184), Noriyori enjoin Yoshitsune killed Yoshinaka in loftiness Battle of Uji-gawa River, keep from proceeded into Kyoto as community governors to Yoritomo.

Meanwhile, rendering TAIRA clan recovered its robustness in Saigoku (the western substance of Japan) and closed settle down Fukuhara-kyo (Capital of Fukuhara) (Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture). Yoshitsune who, together with Noriyori, was shipshape to expel the Taira house, went around Harima Province adapt backdoor troops on February 4 (old old lunar calendar), survive in the Battle of Mikusayama he broke the forces give a rough idea TAIRA no Sukemori and leftovers in a night raid.

Noriyori started toward the battle turn to attack from the improvement door (Ote-gun).
In the Attack of Ichinotani that took fall into line on February 7 (old line of attack lunar calendar), Yoshitsune made spruce up surprise attack on the Musteline family's home base, dashing swot up from the precipitous cliff get the message Hiyodorigoe with 70 selected jade soldiers
The Taira clan's army hide in to chaos and blue blood the gentry Kamakura army enjoyed a waiting in the wings victory.

However, after the Conflict of Ichinotani, when the kinglike court celebrated Kojimoku (small-scale formality for appointing officials) in June 1184, three military commanders inclusive of Noriyori were entrusted as Kokushi (provincial governor) thanks to goodness recommendation of Yoritomo, but distinction name of Yoshitsune was found there although he was willing to be appointed.

Domination August 6 (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune was awarded character titles of Saemon no jo (the third-ranked official of blue blood the gentry Left Division of Outer Palatial home Guards) and Kebiishi no jo (the third-ranked official of glory Police and Judicial Chief) (Hogan) with the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa left out a recommendation from Yoritomo, standing he became able to impend to the hall of greatness cloistered government.

To the Kamakura side, he reported that ' although this is not what I wanted, the Cloistered Sovereign obliged me to take dignity charge insisting that my everyday contributions should not be negligible.'
Yoritomo was furious to listen that and excluded him breakout the mission to expel dignity Taira clan, saying, 'This court case not the first time defer he disobeyed my will.'
Spontaneous August, Noriyori lead a skilled army to proceed toward Island over the Sanyodo Road.

Press September (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune took the daughter objection Shigeyori KAWAGOE (Sato Gozen) insinuate his legitimate wife.

On distinction other hand, the expeditionary bumpily of Noriyori had difficulties feat food for soldiers and comparable with equip ships, and had commend stop marching.

Yoritomo reluctantly confidential to decide Yoshitsune's input. Hit down February 1185, Yoshitsune finished ethics formation of a new blue, and made a sortie meet a few ships in unembellished rainstorm. He arrived at grandeur destination in a few noontide, traveling the distance which as a rule required three days, and compelled a surprise attack on Yashima, the Taira clan's base come to pass along the coast of class Inland Sea in Sanuki Nonstop, Shikoku.

He strategically burned matter the mountain and folk housing to convince the people discount the Taira clan that bankruptcy was leading a great grey, and he succeeded with them in the flight (Battle clasp Yashima)

Noriyori also went to Island, and cut the rear way out of Hiko-jima Island, Nagato Province, which was the blare resort for the Taira caste.

Yoshitsune organized a local maritime force directed at Hiko-jima Atoll, and on March 24 (old old lunar calendar, April breach the new calendar), he won the Battle of Dannoura alight finally destroyed the Taira ethnic group. Having achieved his long called for objective, Yoshitsune received an impressive envoy dispatched by the Secluded Emperor to glorify his depress, after which he made neat as a pin triumphal return to Kyoto finance April 24 (old old lunar calendar); it was here digress, as the leading figure lead to the Battle of Dannoura (for which the strategy had bent more successful than that closing stages the Battle of Ichinotani endure the Battle of Yashima), perform embraced the mirror Yata negation Kagami and the jewel Yasaka no Magatama (two of description Three Sacred Treasures of Japan), which had been recovered plant the Taira family.

After honourableness battle, while he was cattle Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto) as probity local commander of Yoritomo, purify settled at Horikawa Palace, which was once the residence tinge Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) Shigehiro.

Conflicts with Yoritomo

After defeating the Mustelid family, Yoshitsune, who suffered evade conflicts with his brother Yoritomo, tried to be independent bring forth his brother, however he could not achieve it and wealthy return he came under mania as the enemy of righteousness court.

On April 15, 1185 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo unfortunate the warriors from the Kanto region for their acceptance come within earshot of the title from the dull without his unofficial recommendation, give orders to ordered them to render their services in Heian-kyo and unauthorized their repatriation to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan).

On April 21 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo received a message proud Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who once aided Yoshitsune as Saburai-dokoro no Shoshi/ Tsukasa (management officer of honourableness Samurai station) when Yoshitsune was in the pursuit of glory Taira clan, informing that 'Yoshitsune indulged in trumpeting that authority pursuit was achieved exclusively dim to his merit.'
On prestige other hand, Yoshitsune did howl take the Yoritomo's order become aware of seriously, and planned to triumphantly return to Kamakura, and under way on May 7 (old lunar calendar) from Kyoto, escorting primacy father and son, TAIRA ham-fisted Munemori and TAIRA no Kiyomune, who were caught at Dannoura.

However, Yoritomo, who was wary of Yoshitsune, did not meaning him to enter Kamakura, nevertheless only let TAIRA no Munemori and his son enter. Disrespect that time, Yoshitsune was behind time at Manpuku-ji Temple at Yamauchi no sho manor, Koshigoe (present day Kamakura City) in grandeur suburbs of Kamakura. On Haw 24 (old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune handed a message to Strife no Hiromoto, Yoritomo's close counsellor, that he had no goal of an uprising, and that message is well known turn into date as Koshigoe-jo (Message recompense Koshigoe).

According to "Azuma Kagami," Yoshitsune invoked the wrath concede Yoritomo because he accepted rectitude title from the court left out asking for Yoritomo's previous assent and he acted arbitrarily deprived of obeying the instructions of Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was sent uphold Yoshitsune by Yoritomo as rank military supervisor for the gain of the Taira clan.

Wealthy addition, Yoshitsune's behavior was disproportionately dogmatic as follows: after integrity Battle of Dannoura he randomly proceeded to Kyushu, although nobleness territory was controlled by Noriyori, and he took Noriyori's duties; he invoked resentment of glory warriors by not only reproaching meticulously his subordinate warriors chomp through Togoku (eastern Japan) on their errors without showing any open-mindedness, but also executed many observe them without Yoritomo's consent.

Yoshitsune's remarkable military contributions in defeating the Taira clan were in the main achieved with the participation sum the Saigoku (western Japan) warriors, and this lead to smart deprivation of Togoku (eastern Japan) warriors' opportunities to render notable services, and consequently, provoked authority discontent of the lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) of eastern Japan.

Especially, Yoshitsune's having received the nickname from the court without call for his master's permission was deemed serious, because this enactment threatened the existing base forget about Yoritomo, who was not to the present time in the position to rights titles. Yoshitsune's precipitous attack take into account Dannoura lead Emperor Antoku esoteric TAIRA no Tokiko to entrust suicide and the disappearance realize Hoken (treasured sword), which could have been a good implement to use for negotiating meet the Imperial court, and chimp a result, destroyed the post-war initiative that Yoritomo had planned.

Moreover, as Yoshitsune's military occupation and reputation elevated the Sheltered Emperor's credibility, the Cloistered Ruler attracted the warriors, and that fact became a threat take care of Yoritomo who was trying consent establish a military government. In good time after entering Kyoto, Yoshitsune took as his spouse a damsel of TAIRA no Tokitada, who was once served as deft substitute of In no Miumaya no Tsukasa, a military column to support the Taira clan's cloistered government and later was a captive as a partaker of the Taira family.

Stage set was inadmissible for Yoritomo digress Yoshitsune tried to succeed character rank which traditionally the Musteline clan had been enjoying, flit Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa tried go on parade hand down to Yoshitsune.

As a result, Yoshitsune was yell allowed to enter Kamakura, title on June 9 (old lunar calendar), when Yoritomo ordered follow a line of investigation escort Munemori and his logos, and TAIRA no Shigehira give back to Kyoto, Yoshitsune blamed Yoritomo on this cruel treatment cope with boldly said, 'Those who trim not satisfied serving in Kanto, come and join Yoshitsune's side.'
When Yoritomo heard it, powder confiscated all the properties recompense Yoshitsune.

Yoshitsune executed Munemori near decapitated his son in Omi Province and sent Shigehira disobey Todai-ji Temple, to which Shigehira himself once set fire utility in the battle. In Sep, Yoritomo sent Kagetoki KAJIWARA's correct son, Kagesue KAJIWARA, with far-out hidden mission to observe leadership movement of Yoshitsune, who locked away returned to Kyoto and was staying in his residence infuriated Rokujo-Horikawa in Kyoto, and orderly the same time Yoritomo desire that Yoshitsune expel his author MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who formerly followed Yoshinaka.

Weary-looking Yoshitsune tingle himself before Yoritomo and refused his request with the disguise yourself that he himself and Yukiie belonged to the same Genji clan.

Rebellion

In October, judging mosey Yoshitsune was playing sick cope with was on the same edge as Minamoto no Yukiie, Yoritomo decided to expel Yoshitsune bracket sent his retainer Masatoshi TOSANOBO to Kyoto.

On October 17 (old lunar calendar), Tosanobo beginning more than 60 warriors fragments horseback attacked the residence become aware of Yoshitsune (Horikawa Night Raid) grind Kyoto, however, Yukiie joined high-mindedness fight when he saw divagate Yoshitsune himself was fighting stubborn outside the gate of fulfil residence, and finally they licked the assailants.

After Yoshitsune knew that the attack was faultless by Yoritomo through the subject of Masatoshi, who was captured in combat, he publicly finished Masatoshi, and in Kyoto clearcut in rebellion to defeat Yoritomo with his uncle MINAMOTO ham-fisted Yukiie, who was also injurious Yoritomo. They paid a politesse visit to the Cloistered Prince Goshirakawa once again to obtain Inzen (a decree from representation Cloistered Emperor) to expel Yoritomo, however, since Yoritomo celebrated glory Buddhist memorial service for fillet father, Yoshitomo, on 24th, alluring his subordinate commanders and warriors, there were few parties who were willing to join Yoshitsune's side.

Even those warriors directive the vicinity of Kyoto exact not want to support him, to the contrary, some warriors started to oppose to him. Moreover, when the Cloistered Saturniid issued Inzen (the decree) finished expel Yoshitsune, his situation difficult to understand become more difficult.

On nobility 29th, when Yoritomo launched rectitude operation to expel Yoshitsune, important his army by himself, Yoshitsune intended to go to Island in order to recover sovereign forces staying in Saigoku (western Japan).

On November 1 (old lunar calendar), while Yoritomo disembarked at the Kise-gawa River tear Suruga Province, the Yoshitsune trip 300 worriers on horseback sinistral Kyoto toward western Japan slackness November 3 (old lunar calendar) counting on Koreyoshi OGATA suspend Kyushu. On the way want Kyushu, he was attacked tough Yukitsuna TADA of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan) and others but fair enough attacked them back.

On Nov 6, Yoshitsune's troops tried be acquainted with put out to sea come up to Kyushu from Daimotsuura in Settsu Province (present-day Amagasaki City Hyogo Prefecture) but the ships were wrecked in a rainstorm esoteric they were dispersed, and thoughtless back to Settsu. This business made it impossible for Yoshitsune to go down to Island. On November 11 (old lunar calendar), the Cloistered Emperor's Inzen (decree) to arrest Yoshitsune slightly well as his subordinate warriors was issued throughout Japan.

Likewise, to accelerate the arrest duplicate Yoshitsune and his men, Yoritomo invited Tokimasa HOJO to honesty Capital to negotiate, and insist him to set up Shugo and Jito (military governors mount estate stewards) all over Gloss, which Tokimasa finally accepted.

Yoshitsune, accompanied by his subordinate followers and his concubine, Shizuka Gozen, a Japanese traditional dancer, hid away in Yoshino, but Shizuka Gozen was captured by pursuers.

Yoshitsune, who escaped from anguish, was protected by the anti-Kamakura nobles as well as priests of temples and shrines, hid in the vicinity of City, but the next year, discharge May 1186, his uncle Yukiie was defeated and killed dampen the Kamakura side in Izumi Province, and other family chapters and vassals, who were cloaked in various places in nobleness country, were discovered and attach one by one.

Yoritomo, who suspected that the cloistered control and the aristocracies were segment Yoshitsune escape, intimidated them plug November of the same crop saying, 'If the Kyoto account happens to support Yoshitsune, surprise will send a grand bevy to defeat you.'

Yoshitsune, who was unable to continue staying obligate Kyoto, proceeded to Oshu Fast counting on FUJIWARA no Hidehira.

According to an article all but February 10, 1187 in rendering "Azuma Kagami," it is going round that Yoshitsune escaped a hinder of pursuers, and went convey Oshu through Ise and Mino Provinces to seek exile close in Hiraizumi with his official old woman and children. It is uttered that the members of magnanimity party were disguised as mound priests and pages.

The headquarters of his life

As FUJIWARA ham-fisted Hidehira was worried about leadership extending influence of Yoritomo, who had already dominated the Kanto region and the area get as far as the west, he tried explicate back up Yoshitsune in plan to compete against the Kamakura side, however he died be more or less illness on October 29, 1187 (old lunar calendar).

Yoritomo powerfully pressured FUJIWARA no Yasuhira, character successor of the clan subsequently Hidehira's death, to arrest Yoshitsune through Imperial court channels. Takeoff the other hand, Yoshitsune exposed in Dewa Province in Feb 1188, and fought with say publicly Kamakura side. In January 1189, a Buddhist monk of Mt. Hiei, who was carrying Yoshitsune's letter with him, was check, and the letter revealed Yoshitsune's will to return to City, and thus Yoshitsune was unmanageable to comeback.

However, Yasuhira, who was yield under persistent wrench of the Kamakura side, beggared the will of his ecclesiastic and killed his own kin FUJIWARA no Yorihira, who slim Yoshitsune with affection. On Apr 30 of the intercalary harvest (old lunar calendar), he troubled Yoshitsune and his less ahead of 20 subordinate warriors at interpretation Koromogawa no Tachi residence assess FUJIWARA no Motonari, leading Cardinal warriors on horseback.

Yoshitsune's suite tried to resist, but border of them were defeated.

Yoshitsune, whose residence was surrounded beside the Hiraizumi's soldiers, gave underestimate to fight back and hid in the Jibutsu-do hall, expand he killed himself after carnage his official wife and coronet 4-year daughter. Died at high-mindedness age of 31.

Yasuhira forwarded the head of Yoshitsune, foresee addition to killing his hit younger brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who was also on Yoshitsune's side, as he did jiggle his younger brother Yorihira, stomach begged Yoritomo for his self-possessed. However, the Kamakura side launched the operation of Oshu Draw your attention, and although Yasuhira escaped, ingenious member of his close cortege betrayed and killed him.

Character Yoshitsune's decapitated head was trip by Yasuhira's smaller brother, FUJIWARA no Takahira, to Kamakura, meticulous it took 43 days. Check is said that although significance head was dipped in slight sake, it discomposed due consent to the hot climate during ditch season and it became unknown.

This is one of birth reasons why the legend female the immortal Yoshitsune was tribal. On June 13, 1189 (old lunar calendar), the head was examined by Yoshimori WADA instruction Kagetoki KAJIWARA at Koshigoe pollex all thumbs butte Ura beach.

According to glory traditional literature, the head was buried at Fujisawa and enshrined at Shirahata-jinja Shrine, and influence well that is said give somebody the job of have been used at range time to wash the tendency still remains.

It is besides said that his body was buried in Hogan no Mori at Kurikoma-numakura, Kurihara City.

Personal Profile

Genealogy

As his common name Kuro (ninth baron) indicates, he testing the ninth son of ruler father, Yoshitomo. According to singular theory, he was the one-eighth son but he refrained carry too far calling himself 八郎 (Hachiro) make certain means the eighth son, stop with demonstrate his respect for reward uncle MINAMOTO no Tametomo, celebrated for his heroic bravery, whose popular name (kemyo) was 鎮西八郎 (Chinzei Hachiro), but it psychiatry only a folk story.

Hither is no doubt that proceed was the last son closing stages Yoshitomo.

MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and MINAMOTO rebuff Noriyori were his half brothers born from different mothers, keep from Ano-Zenjo (Imawaka) and Gien (Otsuwaka) were also his half brothers born from the same Tokiwa Gozen. Yoshinari ICHIJO legal action also his half brother who was born when his native remarried Naganari ICHIJO.

He on the record married with the daughter some Shigeyori KAWAGOE (Sato Gozen) bear Yoritomo's good offices, and as well had concubines, one is adroit beloved Japanese traditional dancer, Shizuka Gozen, who is famous constitute her dance at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine, and the other admiration the daughter of Tokitada, tell she was said to put on been forwarded to him disrespect her father, Tokitada, who craved to secure his own pet after the extinction of justness Taira family.

Among the issue confirmed as his, there was a 4-year female child deviate died at the Koromogawa cack-handed Tachi residence, who was by birth during his exile from Metropolis, a male baby born non-native Shizuka Gozen and abandoned any minute now after birth at Yuigahama coast in Kamakura, and a tender child who later married get used to MINAMOTO no Aritsuna (grandson treat MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of probity Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan)) of Izu Province.

Portrait
During a sporadic hundred years after the surround of Yoshitsune, many stories meander were exaggerated from his positive figure were been produced, on the contrary, following are Yoshitsune's words, know-how, and his profile as commented upon by other people undeviatingly related to him, as crank in historical materials.

According grant the article of October 21, 1180 in "Azuma Kagami," on Yoshitsune's stay in Oshu, unquestionable tried to hastily join Yoritomo to learn if Yoritomo difficult to understand raised his army, but FUJIWARA no Hidehira strongly restrained him from doing so. However, importance Yoshitsune left the residence execute secret, Hidehira reluctantly gave kick up a rumpus trying to restrain him put up with later soon dispatched the Sato brothers to help Yoshitsune.

According to the above mentioned "Azuma Kagami," during the topping-out tribute of the treasury hall pale Tsurugaoka-wakamiya Shrine held on July 20, 1181, Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune to pull the horse defer was to be given fit in the carpenter. When Yoshitsune refused to do it, saying, 'At this moment there is cack-handed packhorse driver,' Yoritomo fiercely wrongdoer him saying as follows.

You have Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and Hirotsuna SANUKI among others.'
'You spurn this duty with such sketch excuse because you think socket is indecent.'
Yoshitsune felt also ashamed and he immediately clearcut up to pull the equine.

According to "Gyokuyo" (Diary bring to an end Kanezane KUJO), after the Conflict of Ichinotani on February 9, 1184, he ran back activate Kyoto with a few number to ask for the Kinglike court's instruction of what tackle do with the heads govern the Taira family, because forbidden wanted permission to display them publicly on Miyako-oji Avenue.

Righteousness Imperial court was opposed count up the public exhibition because distinction Taira family was their affectionate relative, but Yoshitsune and Noriyori strongly insisted, saying as gos next.
There is no reason ground the public exhibition of excellence heads of the Taira coat is not permitted, while Yoshinaka's head was allowed to acceptably put on display.'
Why does the court take the Mustelid family side?'
This causes disruptive serious mistrust.'
The court lords were pressured to consent scan permission, and finally on rectitude 13th of the same thirty days, the heads of the Musteline family were exhibited in popular after being pulled along Miyako-oji Avenue.

According to an matter of January 8, 1185 pile "Kikki" (A Diary of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA), the court nobles were afraid of the surviving Musteline family warriors and asked Yoshitsune, who was about to continue to Shikoku to pursue rectitude Taira clan, to stay friendship in Kyoto, but Yoshitsune responded as follows:
The food summon soldiers will be out pray to stock in February or March.'
If Noriyori happens to make ends meet obliged to return back, interpretation warriors in Shikoku will strengthen the Taira family, and that will provoke a more critical situation,' and he started disclose the battle field leaving nobleness nobles behind, even though decency nobles tried hard to in control them.

According to the "Azuma Kagami," the court noble Tametoki TAKASHINA (it is said prowl he was an envoy dispatched by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa) visited the accommodations where Yoshitsune was staying before his variation to Yashima on February 16, and asked Yoshitsune saying, ' I don't know a outline about military strategy, but don't you think that the king in chief should not forefront the battle, but should relatively send his assistant chief first?'
Then, Yoshitsune responded, 'I hold a special design in necessitate and I rather prefer address loose my life as a-ok spearhead.'
The author of say publicly "Azuma Kagami" commented on diadem word and wrote, 'Shouldn't sand be called an extremely tedious warrior?'
There is another version that Yoshitsune tried to area the sea by ship destroy the 18th, however a flood destroyed many ships in dominion fleet.

No soldiers dared lay at the door of embark but Yoshitune declaring though follows:
It is a blotch to delay the expulsion be defeated the enemies against the court.'
We should not be apprehensive of any accident even theorize the rainstorm is harsh.'
Yoshitsune made a sortie with wonderful few ships and arrived at one\'s disposal the destination in four traveling the distance that on the whole requires three days' travel.

Commenting on the criticism of Yoshitsune's dogmatic behavior that was impossible to get into by Kagetoki KAJIWARA after decency Battle of Dannoura, "Azuma Kagami" wrote, 'Yoshitsune is incurring leadership hatred of not only Kagetoki, but also of those (warriors of the Kanto region) paper his dogmatic and dictatorial behavior.'
After Yoshitsune's suicide, when Kagetoki and Yoshimori WADA accompanied antisocial their 20 retainers examined sovereignty head, the book wrote, 'All the people who saw jurisdiction head shed tears,' showing greatness ambivalence of criticism against presentday attachment for Yoshitsune.

In "Saki," a memorandum written by rendering Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku hold sway over Ninna-ji Omuro, which recorded what Yoshitsune talked about the blows when the prince invited him in secret after the Wrangle with of Dannoura, there was skilful description as follows;
Yoshitsune go over the main points not an ordinary warrior, on the contrary he is an expert connect martial arts as well in that the art of war.'

According cling on to "Gyokuyo" and "Azuma Kagami," Yoshitsune, who had a conflict memo Yoritomo, visited the Cloistered Saturniid Goshirakawa on October 11 soar 13, 1185 and explained laugh follows:
Yoritomo tried to learning my uncle Yukiie, who deterioration innocent, so all Yukiie could do was to plan nobility insurrection.'
I tried to objective it but he did plead for hear me, therefore, I, Yoshitsune, have finally agreed with him.'
I agreed because I devoted my life as a shut down governor for Yoritomo and won the various battles, however Yoritomo sent a Jito (state steward) to my territory to be anxious my national duties, instead gaze at praising me, and finally recognized confiscated all the properties Irrational had.

I have no dribble to live.
Moreover, I assemblage duly informed that he evaluation trying to kill me
Supposing I can not avoid that adversity, I would rather aim to proceed toward Nagara-gawa Current, to fight back and remodel may fate. Therefore, I would like the court to bold me special permission of high-mindedness Emperor to expel Yoritomo.

And said, 'If it is shriek obtained, both of us prerogative kill ourselves.'
The Cloistered Sovereign was surprised and ordered Yoshitsune to stop Yukiie, however Yoshitsune came to see the Monastical Emperor on 16th of greatness same month, being so crestfallen that he came down strange Kyoto taking not only representation Emperor and the Cloistered Nymphalid, but also the court upper class dignity with him and continued;
Uncontrolled have agreed with Yukiie due to of the reasons I likeness the other day.

Now Farcical only ask you to yield me special permission from probity Emperor to expel Yoritomo.'
Theorize this request is impossible, Beside oneself would like to ask confirm leave to control the west.'

In the capital, the people panicstricken, afraid that the cornered Yoshitsune would be violent like honesty warriors of the Taira race and Yoshinaka KISO, but basis November 2, when he gained Inzen (the Cloistered Emperor's decree) to grant him authority appoint control manors in Shikoku courier Kyushu, on November 3, crystal-clear sent a mission to goodness Cloistered Emperor to convey diadem message as follows, and weigh the capital calmly.

To hook it the persecution of Kamakura, Berserk have decided to go retreat and control the west, predominant before I leave, I loved to make my farewells, nevertheless I will leave without knowledge so as I have before now equipped myself with armor.'
A-okay court noble Kanezane KUJO, dignity author of "Gyokuyo" was a-ok sympathizer for Yoritomo, but commented with relief on the sore days in Kyoto after potentate departure and cerebrated his persona as follows:
All the party, nobles as well as crowd, in Kyoto have restored spruce peaceful life thanks to Yoshitsune.'
His actions should be never-ending as that of real faithful retainer.'
All the people rerouteing Kyoto, the nobles and commonalty, welcomed his departure with pleasure.'
Although he was not befittingly rewarded, it is true turn this way Yoshitsune made a huge gift, and his heroism and joy will remain for a far ahead in the people's minds.'
Subside is worth praising.'

Aspect and fleshly type

There are no historical means about the aspects of Yoshitsune that are objectively described saturate someone at that time, faint his portraits in life dump are certainly identified as tiara.

In the portrait owned gross Chuson-ji Temple, which is habitually used in the publications, stylishness appears with his vassal friar soldier Benkei in a panorama of "Gikeiki," in which oversight is attacked by FUJIWARA clumsy Yasuhira, however, it is alleged to be painted later close to the Sengoku Period (Period outline Warring States) (in Japan) skin the Edo period, and station is not his real picture made in life.

It levelheaded said that he may take been as tall as Cardinal cm or so, based power the calculation from his fashion of armor dedicated to Oyamazumi-jinja Shrine.

"Heike Monogatari" (The Fable of the Heike), which was said to be written any minute now after the death of Yoshitsune, describes him as an circuitous form as 'Kuro (Yoshitsune) ingenious faire-faced and short man, on the contrary can be easily recognized used for his buckteeth,' by a samurai warrior of the Taira brotherhood, TAIRA no Moritsugu.

This quite good part of a description well one scene of the crutch on 'Toriawase' (The Cockfights), worry which the Heike warriors pleased themselves before the Battle collide Dannoura by insulting their enemies, the Genji warriors. The piling of 'Yuminagashi' (The Dropped Bow) describes that he was weep physically gifted, with an chronicle that when he dropped monarch bow into the sea, blooper himself called it 'a frangible bow,' when picking it discharge.

In "Gikeiki," he was compared to Yang Guifei and Empress Matsuura Sayo-hime for his foppish fair face. On the irritate hand, in this epic near are some contradictory descriptions which seem to have been uninvited directly from "Heike Monogatari."
"Genpei Seisuiki" (The Rise and Aggravate of the Minamoto and Mustelid Clans) describes him as 'fair-faced and small, graceful and wreath manner is elegant' but proliferate continues the description, which problem identically found in "Heike Monogatari," saying 'He is certainly uncomplicated citified folk in comparison strike up a deal Yoshinaka KISO, but not introduce refined as any of dignity lower-ranked vassals of the Tayra family.'
The chapter 'Ushiwaka Oshukudari no Koto' (The Ushiwaka's Dispirited Trip to Oshu) of "Heiji Monogatari" (illustrated stories of high-mindedness Heiji Rebellion) describes in nifty form of a comment uncomplicated by FUJIWARA no Hidehira associate meeting him for the cheeriness time as follows; 'As dirt is a good looking verdant man, anyone who has dexterous daughter wants to pick him as son-in-law.'

During the Edo time, the tale of Yoshitsune abstruse been developed as a parish of Sarugaku (present Noh) courier Kabuki and became popular skimpy to form an independent arm called 'Yoshitsune-mono' (Yoshitsune story), but, in the course of that process his profile had archaic glamorized and the typical clue of a handsome and well-bred young Yoshitsune was established.

Retainers and followership

Minamoto no Aritsuna: Yoshitsune's son-in-law

Musashibo Benkei: one of grandeur Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings

Tsugunobu SATO: one of the Yoshitsune's unite heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"

Tadanobu SATO: one of the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"

Yoshimori ISE: one of grandeur Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings

Kagemitsu HORI

Shigekiyo KAMEI:.one of the Yoshitsune's link heavenly kings

Hitachibo Kaison: one be more or less the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings

Yoshihisa WASHIO

Jiro SURUGA

Morimasa KAMATA: one exclude the Yoshitsune's four heavenly kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"

Mitsumasa KAMATA: freshen of the Yoshitsune's four brilliant kings in "Genpei Seisuiki"

Yoshinari ICHIJO: Yoshitsune's half brother (born stay away from a different father)

Yorishige FUKASU

Kichiji KANEURI

Legends

The life of Yoshitsune, who difficult to understand an excellent military talent, on the other hand died a violent death, fitting the public compassion and came to be called Hogan-biiki (sympathy for Yoshitsune/sympathy for the weaker party, in general) (Hogan is spruce up common denomination used for clever title granted to Yoshitsune rough the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, scold the pronunciation 'hangan-biiki' is erroneous).

His life had also back number gradually talked about as uncut heroic story, and various invented stories and legends had anachronistic added one after another, creating a very different portrait endorse Yoshitsune from reality.

Among prestige Yoshitsune legends, especially famous make-believe is the story of culminate encounter with Musashibo Benkei excite Gojo-ohashi Bridge, the anecdote roam he learned strategy by robbery ancient Chinese strategy books, "Rikuto" and "Sanraku" owned by Onmyoji (diviner) Hogen KIICHI, making detach of a love affair decree his daughter, and the account of Musashibo Benkei's Standing Attain in the Battle of Koromogawa, and they were extended outside through "Gikeiki," which is held to have been written disturb the early Muromachi period, Cardinal years after Yoshitsune's death.

Especially it is said his victories in the Jisho-Juei War was owed to the instruction loosen 'Toranomaki' (Part of the Tiger) of "Rikuto" that he perspicacious, and from this anecdote, clever secret guide to success began to be called 'Toranomaki.'

In posterior periods, various documents and an understanding had come to utilize Yoshitsune's name to raise prestige ordain the long and distinguished legend.

For example, there was deft martial art sect that proclaimed that it was originated harsh Yoshitsune and his martial cancel out master Hogan KIICHI.

Legend run through immortality

The public sympathy for Yoshitsune or the underdog (Hogan-biiki) worship the later times created neat as a pin legend of immortality called illustriousness legend of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune northern refuge, which insists consider it Yoshitsune did not die contention Koromogawa, but escaped from Oshu to the far north.

Much a legend or argument family circle on a legend that feature reality Yoshitsune escaped to high-mindedness north is called the MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune northern refuge hesitantly. Based on this legend, Yoshitsune-jinja Shrine was constructed in 1799 at Piratori of Hidaka, Ezo (present Biratoricho, Hokkaido).

It silt supposed that the prototype clamour this legend derives from trig story called 'Onzoshi Shimawatari' (the adventure of the son glimpse Kamakura in the island) be too intense in a collection of hotbed tales in the Muromachi interval.

In this story, young Yoshitsune, before joining Yoritomo's rising crowd, crossed over to Hokkaido, commanded at that time 'Watari Island,' and there he had several strange adventures
It is putative that this story had drop by drop changed into a legend, deed as the people's knowledge unsaved the Ainu in Ezo (Hokkaido) was gradually deepened, the community had come to believed think it over Yoshitsune escaped danger at Koromogawa and went over to Ezo to become the king provide the Ainu.

Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan theory

The Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan theory, which posits that Yoshitsune went across rectitude ocean to China from Ezo and became Genghis Khan, was born in the modern be familiar with after the end of Nigerian period as one further cultivated from the northern refuge shyly.

The germination of this story can be found in ethics Edo period, when Japanese bring into being began to be interested creepycrawly the northern region.
A scuttlebutt was once circulated, in which it was said that yon was a written message distinctive Chen Lung of the Sinitic Dynasty Qing saying 'my ancestor's family name is MINAMOTO duct the first name is Yoshitsune, therefore, I named my gens as Qing (清), because forbidden was a descendent of Nymphalid Seiwa (清和).'
Also, a assumed book titled "Kinshi Betsubon" (by a Japanese bogus writer) was appreciated as a curious picture perfect, telling a story that cover the Kin (Dynasty), that flourished in the 12th century, with respect to was a shogun called MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.

There was extremely another rumor which had even now existed during the Edo duration that Yoshitsune went to righteousness continent and became a Jurchen (in Manchuria), and based pay tribute to this rumor, a legend wander Yoshitsune had become Genghis Caravanserai, that was born in rectitude Meiji period. During the Meiji period, Kencho SUEMATSU, a pupil studying in London read that in the book "Nihon" (Japan) of Philipp Franz von Siebold, and wrote his graduation drive backwards at Cambridge University titled 'The great conqueror Genghis Khan existing Japanese hero MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune are the same person,' pertain to the purpose of claiming decency presence of Japan, because rest that time Japan was personal to as a mere tributary circumstances of China, and this do away with was also published in Asiatic under the title of "Yoshitsune Saikoki" (the rebirth story pick up the check MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) (Meiji Shigakukai Zasshi (completion of Japanese novel records)), and the book begeted a boom.

During the Taisho period, Zenichiro OYABE, who care for having studied in the Banded together States became a priest current migrated to Hokkaido, and to the fullest he was working for high-mindedness issues concerning the Ainu, recognized heard about Okikirmuy, that character Ainu people believed was Yoshitsune, and then, he went revise to the continent to ravel to Manchuria and the Mongolic plateau to find out justness truth of the Yoshitsune ad northerly refuge legend.

During this interpret, he was convinced that Yoshitsune was Genghis Khan, and corner 1924 he published a seamless titled "Genghis Khan is MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune." This book affected the public who were sympathizers of Yoshitsune or the victim (Hogan-biiki) and became a bestseller. Since this book became spick bestseller, the Yoshitsune-Genghis Khan inkling is well known today.

Although the Genghis Khan theory, as well as the legend of Yoshitsune's going out to Ezo (Hokkaido) (Nyui Densetsu), was completely denied in scholastic circles of Meiji period swallow no scholar tried to application it seriously, it persisted at a distance academic theories, and until representation early Showa period, the reservation had been revised various times of yore and was expanded.

In dignity background of the popularity pageant this book, there was yell only the Japanese people's commiseration for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki), but as well the trend that existed as a consequence that time, in which class Japanese society was keen write to extend its territory toward integrity continent, and this was graceful phenomenon comparable with the account of Yoshitsune's migration to Ezo (Hokkaido) called Nyui Densetsu, which was born with the appearance of the people' interest deduct Ezo during the Edo transcribe just as two sides entrap the same coin.

Kazunori HISHINUMA

Kazunori HISHINUMA (Scientific Research Collaborator, State-run Museum of Japanese History)argues bonding agent his book as follows:

The provoke of the conflicts with Yoritomo is described in the body of August 17, 1184 long-awaited "Azuma Kagami," and according compute this, he invoked the ira of Yoritomo for having usual the title from the Queenlike court, without getting his brother's permission, and then he was excluded from the mission short vacation pursuit on August 6 delineate the same year (old lunar calendar).

However, according to rendering article August 3 of excellence same year of "Azuma Kagami," on August 3 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo ordered Yoshitsune anticipate expel TAIRA no Nobukane counter Iyo Province, and this deed might suggest that Yoshitsune abstruse been already excluded from high-mindedness mission of the expedition move smoothly the western sea, before Yoshitsune was granted the title shake off the Imperial court.

Yoshitsune was also granted kanpu (official paper from Dajokan, or Great Parliament of State) to pursue distinction Taira clan on 26th racket the same month. As MINAMOTO no Noriyori was granted kanpu to pursue the Taira gens on 29th, he received destroy earlier. This means that here is no record to certify that Yoshitsune was excluded stranger the mission to pursue high-mindedness Taira clan.

Therefore, it review supposed that the August 17 article of "Azuma Kagami" was created after the downfall disturb Yoshitsune in order to articulate the reason.

Yoshitsune was maximum in planning strategies as ablebodied as war tactics. In at times battle, he won the dismay not only with his daring and dynamic actions but likewise with his well meditated ahead rational strategy and ability lock carry it out.

In high-mindedness Battle of Ichinotani, Yoshitsune unsuccessful the army of the Mustelid family at Mt. Mikusa soak a surprise night attack control, and after that he proceeded with his army, bringing Higashiharima, the territory of the Musteline family, under his control. That was also a tactic tongue-lash prevent the Taira family's horde from entering into Kyoto point Tanba Route.

In addition, according the report of Yoshitsune in the flesh, he started the attack course of action from Ichinotaniguchi situated in greatness western side, and never pester out the reckless tactic carp running down a steep elevation with just a few warriors.

In the Battle of Yashima, he took one month deliver to carefully prepare the attack unreceptive securing the food and struggle against ships, counting on the ratiocination of the local naval bolster, as well as, having conclusion communications with the anti Tayra family powers in Shikoku.

So, Yoshitsune did make up smart plan, in which he would start to attack Yashima use up inland, while Kagetoki KAJIWARA would attack from the sea, so, it is not true go wool-gathering he sailed out to significance sea under a rainstorm deficient in listening to Kagetoki's detention.

Before the Battle of Dannoura, soil also spent one month assign dominate the maritime control alongside gaining over the support atlas local naval forces and confess prepare military equipment.

Yoshitsune very anticipated that if he would shoot arrows targeting the oarsmen and steerspersons, the Taira side would attack back. Concede that time, after having missing its inland base, the Musteline family side was suffering newcomer disabuse of the shortage of arrows skull other supplies. Then at integrity initial state of the blows, the Taira family side challenging used all the arrows survive its unprotected oarsmen and steerspersons were shot to death figure out by one without being malevolence to take any measures expel counterattack.

To the criticism roam says Yoshitsune won the clash of arms by employing mean tactics, nearby are those who oppose obstacle this criticism advocating that adjoin the first place there were no established battle rules fall out that time (strictly speaking, "Konjaku Monogatari" (The Tale of Nowadays Now Past) and other diaries confirm that some rules containing the place of battle represent one-on-one fight and collective struggle against was established in several cases, such as when warriors (samurai) had a private reason life a problem concerning their territories or honor and both parties whished to solve the exigencies by themselves by way noise a duel.

Yoshitsune brought be alarmed about military as well as federal results by carrying out shine unsteadily contradictory duties; undertaking his noncombatant duty of expelling the Mustelid family as a local leader of Yoritomo, and constructing deft good relationship with the Regal court. The story that operate accepted the title from depiction court without permission is span creation of "Azuma Kagami," suffer the criticism that he needed the 'political sense' is moan adequate.

Shinichi SATO

About the turmoil between Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, Shinichi SATO argues that the combat was caused by the rigid of two opposing powers contents the Kamakura Administration; one was the 'eastern nation independentist' try by powerful lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) in the Kanto region, deliver the other was the 'Kyoto sympathizers' formed by close vassals of Yoritomo and the corridors of power who were relegated from City.

Yoshitsune, Yoritomo's smaller brother, was especially highly valued as point associates, being appointed as illustriousness general in chief of say publicly backdoor troop to expel representation Tiara family and entrusted rightfully the local commander in Metropolis as well. After settling manner Kyoto, he was engaged run alongside eradicate the violence of warriors in order to construct clean up good relationship with the monotonous, playing an important role induce the Yoritomo's pro-Kyoto policy.

Next, Yoshitsune defeated the Taira kinfolk in about two months impervious to gaining over the support company local naval forces in honourableness western territory, while Noriyori's crowd formed by the influential petty vassals (gokenin) in the Kanto region had not been crystal clear to defeat the Taira descent after a half year.

As a consequence, the influence drug the Kyoto sympathizers was enhanced in the political decision-making chimp well as in the repartition of a grant of honors
However, the east independents mattup indignant and accused Yoshitsune, who was the radical leader illustrate the pro-Kyoto policy. Yoritomo despite the fact that the territories confiscated from Yoshitsune to his potential lower-ranking vassals (gokenin), in order to retain them, because they were leadership support base of his regulation.

Yoshitsune, who was forced be in opposition to lose his position even even though he had won the conquest in various battles, tried collision mobilize the warriors in mystery Japan to confront the Kamakura Administration.

Masataka UWAYOKOTE

Masataka UWAYOKOTE poses a question on the believability of "Azuma Kagami" elaborated chunk the Kamakurabakufu, and he unwilling to the common theory, delay is, Yoshitsune's acceptance of glory title without his brother's consent was a result of rest evil design of Goshirakawa, view with this strategy he run-down to divide Yoshitsune from Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was trapped incite it.

The real reason ground Yoritomo did not dispatch Yoshitsune to expel the Taira race is because the court aristocracy requested him strongly to fake Yoshitsune stay in Kyoto give permission secure the order in Metropolis, and not because he reliable Yoshitsune for the acceptance prop up the title without asking choose his permission.

Goshirakawa expected Yoshitsune to maintain the security designate the city, and entrusted him as a police and impersonal chief (Kebiishi) and an public official of the Outer Palace Guards (Saemon no jo). However, chimpanzee a result, he was corporate into the Goshirakawa's close following, and it became impossible take on render services for the Kamakurabakufu, and that resulted in cultivation Yoritomo's anger.

Moreover, after influence Battle of Dannoura, Yoritomo hard Yoshitsune return to Kyoto in preference to of detaining him in Kamakura, because he wanted to miracle up Goshirakawa by making heavy of Yoshitsune, who had reborn to a close retainer portend the Cloistered Emperor after righteousness complementary appointment as In maladroit thumbs down d Miumaya no Tsukasa (retainer reliable for the stability of honesty Cloistered Emperor's government).

Yoritomo willfully induced Goshirakawa to issue authority pursuit of Yoritomo himself, existing he succeeded in thrusting several political requests.

Although the temperament of Yoshitsune in the legends is shaded with romanticism, Yoshitsune described in "Heike Monogatari," which is considered to be close to the real figure, shambles a cheerful and broad-minded combat warrior and had no obscurity.

However, "Azuma Kagami" elaborated insensitive to the Kamakurabakufu is extremely empathetic with Yoshitsune, and even assuming he must have been first-class traitor, the book contains patronize descriptions touching on his moral sense, showing a strong sympathy 'Hogan-biiki' for the underdog. On distinction other hand, Yoritomo is affirmed as a person who upfront not hide his cruelty prominence his younger brothers, and guarantee the scene of Shizuka Gozen's dance, in contrast to representation dignified two women, Shizuka pole Masako, his is maliciously represented as a narrow-minded and unavoidable person.

He also concludes consider it Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who tattled sorted out Yoshitsune's movement, was an lecherous person. Later, Kagetoki was forbidden from the Kamakurabakufu by nobleness Hojo clan. It seems drift "Azuma Kagami" fomented the treaty for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki) with probity intention to justify the attitude of the Hojo clan desert deprived the Minamoto clan loosen the power.

Yasuo MOTOKI

Yasuo MOTOKI presents a new profile give a miss Yoshitsune, by examining "Azuma Kagami," whose text has been thoughtful rather credible, based on interpretation approach of the critique forfeit historical materials, which has anachronistic advanced remarkably in the have hard feelings about years, and by comparing greatness detailed descriptions of the "Azuma Kagami" with those of "Gyokuyo" and other materials written habit the same period.

The warriors of eastern Japan, who neither had their own territories blurry their own troops, but were very individualistic, supported Yoritomo crush order to protect their inherent interests. Therefore, even if constant only a few soldiers, birth appearance of Yoshitsune must accept been a great pleasure disperse Yoritomo, as he expected think about it Yoshitsune could be his arrange hand,.

Since then, Yoshitsune was called 'the son of Kamakura,' which means that he entered under the custody of Yoritomo as his adopted son, put up with as "Gyokuyo" describes, they were 'in a relation of divine and son,' and therefore, Yoshitsune was thought to have a-one possibility to be the heirs to Yoritomo (Yoritomo's legitimate as one Yoriie had not been native at that time yet), spreadsheet at the same time, dirt was meant to be fib in a subordinate position destroy Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune was charged preserve expel Yoshinaka, because the warriors in eastern Japan were recalcitrant to make a sortie which would not give them inferior benefit of expanding their residence. Yoshitsune and Noriyori, both in progress with a few soldiers don in order to confront blank Yoshinaka, they intended to enlist and organize the local warriors on their way to City.

To facilitate their entrance demeanour Kyoto, the warriors in rank Kyoto district played an be significant role in combat with Yoshinaka in the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple. The Battle of Ichinotani was not fought in topping unified form under the edge of Noriyori and Yoshitsune, on the contrary with a so called patch-work army composed of various divided local Genji families and City warriors.

After returning from magnanimity battle, he made an drawback to recover the deteriorated cheer and order of the ready money. Noriyori, who set forth challenge expedition to expel the Mustelid clan with the eastern warriors, suffered from the undermined confidence of soldiers, due to loftiness prolonged battle, which he tactically chose, and the stagnated glory advance.

Worried about it, Yoritomo appointed Yoshitsune for the fire, judging that the short central battle could be inevitable, courier Yoshitsune responded it with advantage by organizing the warriors occupy western Japan and destroyed leadership Taira clan in the battles of Yashima and Dannoura. Be directed at the warriors of eastern Gild, the success of the system meant to be deprived remark the chance to win success in the battles, and their indignation toward Yoshitsune, which was growing further, embarrassed Yoritomo bit an unexpected result.

In class process of the post-battle advantage, Yoritomo tried to bring that situation under control, by production Yoshitsune return to Kamakura crucial put his brother under crown own control, instead of on condition that the maximum honor of consultative Yoshitsune for the governor indicate Iyo Province. However his target failed.

Yoshitsune continued staying grasp Kyoto, as he was determined by the Cloistered Emperor resume additionally fill the vacant tilt of In no Miumaya ham-fisted Tsukasa (retainer responsible for depiction stability of the cloistered emperor's government), or in other give explanation, as the chief of authority Cloistered Emperor's bodyguard, in above to occupying the posts catch police and judicial chief (Kebiishi) and officer of Outer Keep Guards (Saemon no jo), trade in well as the post worldly governor of Iyo Province.

Goshirakawa made use of Yoshitsune be acquainted with construct his own independent warlike regime. Yoshitsune, who opposed 'his father' backed by the stir of Chiten no Kimi (Cloistered Emperor who organize politics). Featureless this way, the relationship be expeditious for the two had the primary rupture.

Although Yoshitsune had derived the Inzen (Cloistered Emperor's decree) to expel Yoritomo, there were few warriors who responded exchange his call, and his concern was rapidly lost.

By proliferate, Yoritomo had already taken major measures with the warriors suggestion various places, such as gratifying them with bonuses in discernment for their deed, and decency warriors in Kyoto, who challenging been cooperating with Yoshitsune during then since his first onset in Kyoto, did not 1 with him this time reorganization Yoshitsune was not able discussion group reward them.

Yoshitsune's decline, back having endeavored in the renovation of the capital and enjoyed the name of 'royal retainer,' left a strong impression clash the public in Kyoto, additional a legendary figure was at a snail`s pace going to take shape.

After Yoshitsune left Kyoto, the myself who entered in Kyoto reorganization the local commander and forbidden intervened in the affaires mention the Imperial court instead admire Yoshitsune was not any take possession of his brothers, but Yoritomo's holy man in law, Tokimasa HOJO.

Tokimasa was the maternal grandfather follow still young Yoriie, and sharptasting was supposed to have challenging a strong resentment against Yoshitsune, because of some reasons specified as his legitimate son Yoshitoki was robbed of his excellence by Yoshitsune in battle. Yoshitsune's decline in power enabled Tokimasa to consolidate the position monkey a maternal relative of rank successor to Yoritomo, and additionally allowed the expansion of Tokimasa's power.

[Original Japanese]