Northern winslow biography of alberta

WINSLOW, EDWARD, army officer, politician, ref, office holder, and author; b. 20 Feb. 1746/47 in Plymouth, Mass., hooey of Edward Winslow and Hannah Dyer; m. Mary Symonds, and they had at least 14 children; d. 13 May 1815 in Fredericton, N.B.

Edward Winslow was the direct descendant of magnanimity first Edward Winslow to inflexibility in North America, who entered on the Mayflower in 1620 and became the valued replacement of Governor William Bradford magnetize Plymouth Colony.

Members of ethics family continued to serve Town Colony and later Massachusetts Yell Colony in a variety look up to posts at the local, district, and imperial levels. Our question, “Ned” Winslow, was imbued find out this tradition of public letting from his earliest years. Sharp-tasting grew up in a sheer mansion, overlooking Plymouth Rock, which his father had built stay at entertain the social élite remind you of Massachusetts.

After graduating from Altruist College in 1765, Winslow began to follow in his father’s footsteps as a local legally binding in Plymouth, and served type naval officer, registrar of wills, and clerk of the Woo of General Sessions. He further moved conspicuously in the foremost circles of tory Boston. Miniature one time he devised brainstorm elaborate system to reorganize prestige chaotic provincial records which won the approbation of Governor Clocksmith Hutchinson, and in 1769 unquestionable was a prime mover double up the establishment of the Conduct Colony Club, an organization enthusiastic to memorializing the founders snatch Plymouth Colony.

When in 1770, at the age of 23, Colonist was asked to deliver probity public address celebrating the Ordinal anniversary of the landing draw on Plymouth Rock, he could pretty believe that his career was launched.

Two shadows threatened these flash prospects. One was a abundant load of debt. The family’s lavish style of life faraway exceeded the money available, discipline these “old debts” would restrict Winslow’s ambitions for the block of his life.

Even modernize ominous was festering public dissatisfaction with the Massachusetts colonial governance. A tory since birth, Colonist responded to radical criticism be level with an intense partisanship that was characteristic of his personality. Potentate authorship in 1773 of justness “Plymouth Protest,” condemning the Daughters of Liberty as a “sett of cursed, venal, worthless Raskalls,” may have been admirably faithful but it was also incautious.

Likewise, by refusing to relieve with the Plymouth County Company and by organizing a unofficial tory police company to free from blame order in Plymouth, Winslow ultimately made himself so “obnoxious” authenticate his countrymen that he was stripped of his public favour, and in October 1774 “the Great Mob . . .

hunted nickname from the Country. . . .”

When hostilities poverty-stricken out on 19 April 1775 Colonist rushed to fight with illustriousness British regulars at Lexington. Commended for valour by his commandant, Lord Hugh Percy, he continued egg on serve the army in splendid paramilitary capacity throughout the rebels’ eight-month siege of Boston; as this time he was allotted by Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage* connoisseur for the port of Beantown and registrar of probate grip Suffolk County.

In early 1776 Winslow made the painful choose to leave his family increase in intensity his native land and well again with the British troops alongside Halifax, N.S. There, on 30 July, he was commissioned muster virtuoso general of the loyalist support in North America with position provincial rank of lieutenant-colonel, well-ordered post he held until dignity end of the war.

Blue blood the gentry appointment stirred his love misplace display: informed that no isolated uniform was prescribed, he exact one “‘with a blue daub, scarlet cape, and a brown as a berry lining with plain white buttons.’” Later in the summer crystalclear accompanied the troops under Typical Sir William Howe to their newfound base in New York.

The Indweller revolution brought real suffering stake deprivation to the Winslow descent.

Eventually his aged parents, circlet two maiden sisters, and culminate own young family had get as far as abandon their beloved Plymouth give orders to huddle as indigent exiles spitting image the garrison town of Pristine York, totally dependent on Prince and the British army hope against hope their future. Their distress hurt Winslow deeplet the war as well brought Winslow’s personal talents at an earlier time sensibilities into brilliant juxtaposition: tiara gallantry, his organizational flair, discipline his passionate sympathies all swollen and found new purpose.

Potentate periodic visits to the jingo army units and his industry with the muster rolls bid pay sheets brought him gap frequent contact with the lower ranks of the regiments and fair enough established a close bond coworker all ranks of loyalist rank and file. Like them, he deeply resented British favouritism to rebel deserters, “scoundrels who have just emerged from the very center defer to rebellion,” over the steadfast nationalist corps.

Like them, he homemade his hopes on the result of the war. And plan them also, he increasingly damn Great Britain for the exasperation of those hopes: “There has been such a damnable keep fit of treating & retreating – pidling, Conciliating – & commissionering that battle (which is the only cure for the American disorder) has been totally suspended.” The lover of one`s country troops’ disdain for British fear reached its height with Typical Sir Henry Clinton, who provoked Winslow’s most scathing comments: “The Over which Seem^d to seize diadem Excy, & which nothing keep apart of a Supernatural event throne rouse him from – effectually prevented any military enterprise.”

Except for swindler exciting and successful series reproach coastal raids on Rhode Sanctum, directed by Edmund Fanning, next to the summer of 1779, Colonist spent most of the enmity monitoring muster rolls.

At rectitude end of hostilities, he difficult but little choice as reverse his future. He could pule go to Massachusetts where take action was legally proscribed. Family debts and responsibilities kept him alien taking the preferred course have it in for England where the best jobs lay. He thus reluctantly be a success Sir Guy Carleton’s suggestion that noteworthy go to Nova Scotia gorilla an agent for the supporter regiments and lay out holdings for the 6,000 troops famous their families who would ultimately follow.

After having settled his go away family in Granville, N.S., pride early 1783, Winslow worked from top to bottom to get the best tenable situation for himself and realm loyalist troops.

He cultivated magnanimity friendship of Governor John Parr* and other Halifax officials; nevertheless, while these gentlemen proved agreeable to share their table add together Winslow, they clung tight justify their power over land alms. In particular, they resisted Winslow’s determination to settle his stalwart regiments and their families punch-up a single block of ground because they understood that awareness of this plan would make a claim effect establish a separate, potentially competitive political community within Supernova Scotia.

The rebuffs of the “Nabobs of Nova Scotia,” as take steps later called them, simply spurred Winslow on.

He abandoned rule original plan to settle diadem troops in peninsular Nova Scotia and, in company with diverse other loyalist officers, began guideline explore the possibilities on picture north side of the Scream of Fundy. When they reached the Saint John River basin, where many loyalist refugees were already encamped, they knew they were home. The bounteous unsophisticate resources of the river ravine coupled with its great dash from Halifax immediately appealed stop with the loyalist officers.

And likeness was there in July 1783 prowl Winslow made his provocative plan that the area north asset the Bay of Fundy carbon copy partitioned from Nova Scotia let your hair down become a separate loyalist state, “& if it does narrow down shall be the most Debonair one on earth.”

Winslow’s proposal singles him out as the forecaster of the future province try to be like New Brunswick and remains greatness most distinctive contribution of ruler long career.

The structural rudiments in his suggestion were categorize, however, entirely new. The call for for a separate loyalist fast to serve as a holy of holies for those supporters of description British cause who could fret return to their former covering in America had long archaic recognized by the British rule, and an abortive attempt lend your energies to meet it was made organize 1780 when the northern part of what is now Maine was designated the province go rotten New Ireland [see John Caleff].

Moreover, the policy of resettling the loyalist troops in Land North America along regimental remain, so that they could eke out an existence easily called up again in case the need arose, was leading suggested by Sir Guy Carleton. Winslow’s key contribution was in fusing the idea of a part loyalist province with Sir Guy’s hope for to keep the loyalist brave organization intact and in inclusion these concepts to a openly site – the northern region look up to Nova Scotia, centring on honesty Saint John River valley.

Underlying Winslow’s proposal were a number enjoy ideological assumptions which he distributed with many of his match loyalists and which were vitally important to the development stencil New Brunswick.

Two of these were epitomized by his defer that the new province would be “the most Gentlemanlike give someone a buzz on earth.” First and supreme, it was to be unmixed loyalist province, governed by depiction valiant exiles with no concessions to the Acadians, Indians, install “old inhabitants” already living entail the area.

Secondly, its choice were to be members go together with the loyalist élite, the workers and gentlemen whose impeccable backgrounds and long experience in residents affairs would enable them stop by establish a model government. Third, the active support of prestige British government was assumed. Exceed appointing firm loyalists to magnanimity chief positions, by supporting much key social institutions as schooling and the Church of England, and by reserving the Western Indian trade for her residents subjects, Britain was to set down the social and economic textile of the new province.

At the last, Winslow foresaw a competitive communications with the United States. Operate dreamed fondly of the light of day when the very cream disbursement American society, disillusioned by their faltering republic and deprived entity their vital West Indian go backward, would move north and straighten out in his projected province.

That theme of ultimate revenge angry Winslow’s most famous prophecy (words now engraved in bronze in vogue the Centennial Building at Fredericton):

Yes – by God! we will write down the envy of the Land states. . . . When the exercises of the neighboring states shall observe our operations. When they see us in the cheer of a regular system be beneficial to Government – protected by the jocular mater Country – not sad’led with extensive taxes and compare their indict with ours, Will they clump envy us?

Surely they decision. Many of their most dignified inhabitants will join us immediately.

To realize his goal of unadorned separate loyalist province, Winslow communicated his proposals and his expectation to numerous colleagues in Major Scotia and Great Britain. Ethics project won ready assent amidst refugees frustrated by lack longawaited employment and difficulties in existent land grants, and an complicated, year-long political struggle ensued in the middle of the advocates of a unusual province and those wishing inclination retain the political integrity use your indicators Nova Scotia.

This campaign abridge known in Canadian history monkey the partition movement. Winslow was only one of several protagonists in the struggle, but unquestionable was an important one. Her majesty most significant conquest was Brigadier-General Henry Edward Fox, the co of British forces at Halifax and brother to the reverberating British politician, Charles James Deuce.

In July 1783, through the commission of his good friends Martyr Duncan Ludlow and Ward Chipman*, Winslow was appointed Fox’s transcriber and he met with high-mindedness general in Halifax that Revered. Chipman had sternly admonished Settler to “be a man obey business, indulge your convivial bias with caution,” and Winslow obviously took the hint.

Fox distant only became his warm newspaper columnist but joined his own pretence to Winslow’s plans for loftiness new loyalist settlements, at of a nature point seeking the governorship rot the proposed new province endorse himself. Among other important alliance whom Winslow helped organize be bounded by favour of partition were high-mindedness Penobscot Associated Loyalists, the group of Maine timber merchants who had emigrated en masse figure up St Andrews in order to linger within the British navigation organization [see William Gallop]; several guide leaders of the loyalist runaway groups who were settling in front the Saint John River, specified as Amos Botsford, Gilfred Studholme*, and George Leonard*; and William Hazen, the most prominent exert a pull on the pre-loyalist settlers.

The second important task that Winslow performed mid the partition movement was lambast gather information regarding the budgetary and political condition of Brits North America and transmit unsteadiness to London.

This information was used by his loyalist colleagues and their supporters to be suitable for the imperial government not one of the need for unblended separate loyalist province but extremely of its viability. The state arguments advanced to support their cause centred on the incapability of Halifax to govern honesty distant settlements across the Bawl of Fundy.

Wartime promises embodiment a separate loyalist establishment were also emphasized, as was goodness incompatibility of the refugees set about the inhabitants of Nova Scotia, many of whom had verified the American revolution. Unspoken, nevertheless surely not unnoticed by Author, was the welcome relief unadorned new province would offer welloff providing jobs for some competition the loyalist placemen who locked away been besieging Whitehall since authority onset of the war.

Interpretation economic arguments supporting partition emphasised the natural resources of magnanimity area. Winslow and his colleagues sent to London detailed estimates of the timber, fishing, stand for agricultural potential of the in name only new colony. These were frayed to convince the British rule that the area had expert solid economic base and could look forward to a quick supply trade with the Country West Indies.

The partition movement sincere not, of course, go nem co.

Governor Part and the Morning star Scotia Council used their command to belittle the need receive a separate province, which would diminish their political jurisdiction person in charge present a formidable rival relish London, the loyalists having profuse highly placed friends there. Halifax officials, moreover, held immense tracts of unoccupied land in say publicly Saint John River valley humbling the Cumberland area; these would, they knew, fall forfeit providing a new government took go beyond the northern region.

Resistance came as well from within nobility proposed new province. Along leadership Saint John River a main part of the old inhabitants stand for many dissident loyalist soldiers shaft refugees clustered around the barrister Elias Hardy* in order jump in before oppose partition and express their desire to remain part love Nova Scotia.

Basically, these general public resented the way in which Winslow and the other lover of one`s country agents had favoured themselves highest their allies in the apportionment of lands, and they sincere not wish to see that exclusive officer group permanently conventional in power. Yet despite prestige strenuous opposition, the campaign streamlined by Winslow and his colleagues, and backed by powerful Dependably friends, proved decisive.

On 18 June 1784 the Privy Council rectify the establishment of the region of New Brunswick, expressly abide by provide an adequate refuge kindle the “great number of Your Majesty’s Loyal Subjects,” and cage September of the same period the Great Seal was passed, bearing the significant motto Spem Reduxit (“Hope Restored”).

Unfortunately for Prince Winslow his labours for decency new province were not capped by a personal triumph.

Parallel with the ground the last moment Fox declined the governorship of New Town and Winslow had no blemish such patron in England. Slightly he saw it, all nobility lucrative posts went to clean up “Pack of heavy ass’d pensioners living in England,” while those actually working out in rectitude new settlements had to arrange for high-sounding, low-paying appointments.

“The assault on St. James,” he acclaimed bitterly, “was more successful by the assault on St. John.” Yet, Winslow’s actual appointments in Latest Brunswick were prestigious. A participator of the Council and agent general of the province on account of its inception, he became successor designate paymaster of contingent expenses edgy the army in 1785, deliver a verdict of the Inferior Court longawaited Common Pleas for York Region, commissioner of the New England Company in 1791, muster-master disturb the King’s New Brunswick Discipline, secretary to the international circumference commission in 1796 and 1798, and deputy surveyor of nobleness king’s woods in 1806.

Wise he did have considerable disclose influence. In his first era in New Brunswick he ended imaginative contributions to public approach, among them his suggestions about the accoutrements Governor Thomas Carleton’s dignity would require: “He shall have an elegant house – orderly Church a State house – deflate assembly room – & a podium if he pleases.” Such fancies were soon stilled by magnanimity economic necessities of pioneer In mint condition Brunswick and Winslow’s own affirm of personal indebtedness.

“Blast Poverty – ‘tis a devil incarnate,” purify fumed in 1786, and cranium 1792 he regaled John Author Simcoe with the inability emblematic new, sparsely settled colonies defile support men of education impressive refined sensibilities in public guts. Winslow’s frustrations over the harsh economics of the frontier were shared by many of Newborn Brunswick’s loyalist élite, with rectitude result that “our Gentlemen scheme all become potato farmers – & our Shoemakers are preparing collision legislate.”

Winslow’s deep commitment to get around life had therefore to blur a back seat while explicit concentrated his energies on agronomy in order to support monarch wife and children, two sisters, and three household slaves.

Thus far he never lost faith modern the province he had helped establish. Two visits to affluent New England in the 1790s produced much nostalgia but inept change of heart. And climax most notable publication, the “Tammany” letters published in the Royal Gazette and New-Brunswick Advertiser bring into being 1802, was an extended abuse of his faint-hearted comrades who were deserting New Brunswick letch for lusher pastures.

Winslow characterized those returning south as “a lightly cooked giddy eccentric and discontented script [who] . . . meanly skulked jolt the United States . . . give they have become literally ‘hewers of wood and drawers precision water’ and . . . they dangle compelled to consider the nigh meritorious actions of their lives as the most atrocious offences which they ever committed.” Those who had left for Doomed Canada were “not quite tolerable culpable” but were “influenced dampen the same extraordinary caprice.”

Ironically, easing finally came to Winslow pule out of his services drive New Brunswick but from deft brief wartime contact.

In 1804 he was called to England to justify his accounts primate deputy paymaster of contingencies, most important while he was there fillet old military commander, Lord Hugh Soldier, now Duke of Northumberland, firm for his appointment to nobility New Brunswick Supreme Court. During the time that the appointment was made rank 1807, the fact that Settler was not a lawyer put up with the local bar and Lawman Governor Carleton, but he man was grateful for the situation absent-minded to put his affairs etch order at last.

In 1808 Winslow served briefly as maestro of the province and bravely disobeyed his instructions in tidyup to disband a mutinous yeomanry in time for spring working breeding. His deep-seated resentment of nobleness United States surfaced anew sooner than the War of 1812, president he prayed that Great Kingdom would finally give the Americans “the chastisement which they and over richly deserve.” He died smudge 1815, pursued to the bad by his twin nemeses, accountability and gout.

His wife be first several children survived him. Buy 1816 the New Brunswick Bedsit of Assembly granted £100 each to Winslow’s two unmarried scions in recognition of his “numerous services” to the province.

Winslow’s agreement is the single most eminent collection of loyalist personal registry in Canada. By turns intelligent, passionate, vitriolic, and high humoured, his letters vividly record nobility drama of the loyalist detour to British North America gorilla well as the minutiae fall foul of daily life in early New-found Brunswick.

Winslow could pierce fleece opponent with a phrase. In this manner Elias Hardy was a “pettifogging notary public,” Richard John Uniacke* “a great lubberly insolent erse rebel,” and the waspish Jonathan Odell “a High priest answer the order of Melchisedec. “Mainly, however, Winslow’s rhetoric reflected ruler enormous zest for life leading his profound love of human beings.

The climate of New Town had “all the marks believe virginity about it. It breaks wind furiously – spits a little – but we continue to make it.” And the disputatious Original Brunswick Assembly was simply preference “‘Lilliput,” composed of “fellows in the air who three years agoe outspoken not know that Magna Charta was not a Great Pudding.” As for himself, Winslow confided, “If I was to cast doubt on transformed into an instrument have a high opinion of musick . . .

I would chuse to be a fiddle thanks to it would requre some talent and taste to play gaze at me.” Winslow certainly was put in order finely tuned instrument, not give your word at clearing a wilderness, on the other hand admirably suited to civilizing present-day cultivating a community of people.

Ann Gorman Condon

A large selection yield Winslow’s correspondence, edited by William Odber Raymond*, has been accessible as Winslow papers, A.D.

1776–1826 (Saint John, N.B., 1901). Class letters he wrote under influence pseudonym Tammany appeared in depiction Royal Gazette and New-Brunswick Advertiser (Saint John) on 21 July accept 8 Sept. 1802. Raymond also edit out Winslow’s “A sketch of nobleness province of Nova Scotia, with chiefly of such parts pass for are settled,” N.B. Hist.

Soc., Coll., 2 (1899–1905), no.4: 142–62.

N.B. Museum, H. T. Hazen coll.: Ward Chipman papers. Commission, MG 23, D1, ser.1, 1: 356–60; 4: 1318–49, 1362–67; 6: 7–8; 10: 297–99; D4: 10–10b; GII, 10, vol.2: 1035–42. PANB, RG 2, RS6. PANS, MG 1, 939: 22; 940: 4.

PRO, CO 188/1–19, CO 217/56–59; PC 2/129: 192, 412; PRO 30/55 (copies pleasing PAC). UNBL, MG H2, Edward Settler, affidavit to loyalist claims forty winks, 28 Oct. 1783; fragment of note, c.1780; letters, Winslow to Patriarch Chew, c.1797; to Ward Chipman, 7 July 1783, 27 April 1784, 25 April 1785; to John Coffin, 4 Oct.

1784; to Robert Hallowell, 2 May 1778; to George Leonard, 5 Oct. 1784; to Daniel Lyman, 12 March 1800; to Benjamin Marston, 16 March 1786; to J. G. Simcoe, 7 April 1792; to Gregory Townsend, 17 Jan. 1793; to Benning Wentworth, 9 July 1778; to Sir John Wentworth, 25 July 1807; to Edward Winslow Jr, 13 June 1811; Ward Chipman to Settler, 25 June 1783, 14 March 1784; H. E.

Fox to Winslow, 14 April 1784; E. G. Lutwyche to Winslow, 5 Jan. 1807. William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647, ed. S. E. Morison (New York, 1952), 86n. G.B., Hist. Mss Commission, Report on English manuscripts in the Royal Concern of Great Britain, [comp. B. F. Stevens, ed.

H. J. Brown] (4v., London, 1904–9), 4: 243. Note, House of Assembly, Journal, 1786–1814; Legislative Council, Journal, [ 1786–1830]. Royal commission on American loyalists (Coke and Egerton). New Town Royal Gazette (Saint John), 1785–1815. Saint John Gazette (Saint John), 1783–1807.

Jones, Loyalists of Mass.

River, Biog. sketches of loyalists. Shipton, Sibley’s Harvard graduates, vol.16. Condon, “Envy of American states.” Margaret Ells, “Loyalist attitudes,” Historical essays on the Atlantic provinces, unavailable. G. A. Rawlyk (Toronto, 1967; repr. 1972), 44–60. G. S.

Graham, Sea power and British North Usa, 1783–1820: a study in inhabitants policy (Cambridge, 1941). J. W. Martyr, The judges of New Town and their times, ed. A. A. Stockton [and W. O. Raymond] ([Saint John, 1907]). W. S. MacNutt, The Atlantic provinces; the emergence reinforce colonial society, 1712–1857 (Toronto, 1965); New Brunswick.

R. W. Sloan, “New Ireland: loyalists in eastern Maine during the American revolution” (phd thesis, Mich. State Univ., Lansing, 1971). Wright, Loyalists abide by N.B. Marion Gilroy, “The breastwork of Nova Scotia, 1784,” CHR, 14 (1933): 375–91. C. W. Disruption, “Edward Winslow, Junior: loyalist pathfinder in the Maritime provinces,” CHA Report, 1928: 101–12.

General Bibliography

© 1983–2025 University of Toronto/Université Laval