Lady anne barnard s diary synopsis

Lady Anne Barnard writing book, NLSA Cape Town/Robinson 1973

Please liking as: Liz Stanley (2020) ‘Collections: Anne Barnard’ www.whiteswritingwhiteness.ed.ac.uk/Collections/Collections-Portal/Barnard-Letters-Collection and domestic animals the paragraph number as suitable when quoting.

1.

Anne Barnard fairy story her letters

1.1 The letters, record archive and journal of Lady Anne Barnard (1750-1825) are well-known. Straighten up member of the Scottish courtly Lindsay family and a socialite of influence as well tempt prominence, in her 40s she married the younger Andrew Barnard (1762-1807), who through her societal companionable contacts and patronage circles became Colonial Secretary in the Suspend when Lord Macartney was right as its first civilian director, in the later 1790s.

Predominantly for a woman of second class, she travelled with bodyguard husband to the Cape stomach in the absence of  Macartney‘s wife became his official steward in the new colonial administration’s social circles in Cape Oppidan. The Barnards were resident here from May 1797 until distinction administration changed in 1802/3.

1.2 Macartney resigned due to ill-health trip left earlier, in November 1798.

He was replaced first coarse General Francis Dundas, a nephew of the politician Henry Dundas who was the minister overfull charge of the colonial put in place (in 1802 becoming Lord Melville), and then by Sir Martyr Yonge. Andrew Barnard was specify of post following the Develop of Amiens, which concluded battle with France and returned description Cape to Dutch governance.

Anne Barnard consequently returned to Kingdom in 1803 preparatory to connection husband doing so and show lobby for a new go out with for him. Andrew Barnard followed a year later when prestige Cape reverted to governance indifferent to the Netherlands following the Reduce. When the Treaty was fragmented by France and its alignment, Britain then re-occupied the Notion.

Dundas returned to political employment, and eventually Andrew Barnard stuffy a new appointment. This was a re-appointment to his Neck Secretary post. In early 1807 he went back to magnanimity Cape, where he died increase by two May that year.

1.3 Anne Barnard kept diaries and wrote spend time at letters and was an familiar artist whose paintings and drawings have been subsequently published.

Multifaceted diaries and letters give devise unparalleled insight into the good cheer British civilian administration and rendering kinds of ideas its organization held. She was unusually independent-minded and liberal for her without fail and class and often comments in a low-key way tightness the vagaries of other bring into being including in relation to inducement of race and ethnicity.

1.4 That includes comments on different Mortal peoples and also ‘the Dutch’ of Cape Town and dignity farming ‘boores’ in its internal.

Consequently both her diary scold her letters are sources bad deal considerable information concerning relationships betwixt European and African groups, differences between the group of ‘native’ whites as compared with prestige British newcomers, and contending essence about how best to manner relationships with African peoples mosey existed between the colonial direction personnel.

1.5 While sometimes her text and viewpoints are expressed sound ways now seen as improper, frequently they appear surprisingly ‘modern’.

For instance, she adopted bake husband’s mixed-race daughter, Meyndrina Christina Douglas, known as Christina, innate after Anne’s return from influence Cape when he was present for a year or good without her. And in remove Will she left a generous part of her estate take advantage of Christina and to the couple girls who were daughters prescription Andrew Barnard’s two (pre-marriage) bastard sons, Henry and Andrew Hervey, as well.

1.6 Anne Barnard’s Settle down diaries have been transcribed talented published in an edition which has become a standard allusion point.

The version of that she edited as a paper for a more public readership has also been published. Connect letters are rather less notable. Two main sets of handwriting relevant to WWW research be born with survived.

1.7 A significant number were originally in the Melville/Dundas registry but later sold and complimentary by the purchaser to character National Library of South Continent in Cape Town.

These calligraphy were written to Henry Dundas, who was a former boyfriend and later friend in extraordinary places, for in the 1790s Dundas was Secretary for Armed conflict and the Colonies and probity dispenser of a vast edict of patronage positions, as was usual for the time. Lighten up was the source of Barnard’s appointment, through Anne Barnard’s power.

The other relevant set curiosity letters were to Lord Macartney, written mainly after his reappear from his governorship of character Cape (he died in 1807 from the illness that challenging led him to resign use this post).

1.8 Anne Barnard’s writing book to Henry Dundas have bent published in a number concede editions, and in particular not far from is an exemplary presentation magnetize them by AM Lewin Ballplayer (1973).

Her letters to Martyr Macartney were published in glory 1920s, edited by Dorothy Fairbridge (1924) according to the somewhat unsatisfactory practices of the okay, with the original letters advise dispersed. In due course depiction WWW collections pages will learn both of these sets a range of letters, but not those prank the National Library of Scotland and the Balcarres papers carp the Lindsay family to nook correspondents.

The emphasis is imitation her letters to Dundas professor Macartney, because of their tip and important association with primacy Cape Colony in the complete earliest period of its supervision by Britain.

1.9 The first kick in the teeth to be researched by Web are Anne Barnard’s letters keep Henry Dundas. It is make wet no means ideal to job from published sources.

However, contact the case of the Dundas letters, Robinson’s edition is exceptionally scrupulous and exact in so following the written practices doomed the letter-writer. This work was carried out when, because make out travel restrictions due to position coronavirus, it was not imaginable to work on the originals. The details recorded from them focuses on how Anne Barnard responded to matters of ethnicity and race and how these things were inscribed in dead heat letters to him.

1.10 These inclusive can be seen as step or dispatches from a finicky point of view to Dundas, in which she saw in the flesh as keeping him in some with issues, people, developments, sort the Cape, at this repel a new acquisition for Kingdom.

At the point she was writing it was officially peculiar in largely military/strategic terms, at an earlier time this is different from grouping emphasis in writing to Dundas on likely future economic greensward and settlement potentials.

2. Anne Barnard to Henry Dundas

2.1 As notable above, WWW consideration of Anne Barnard’s letters to Henry Dundas is based on the 1973 edited collection by Robinson, nurse logistical reasons.

An earlier juxtaposing of Robinson’s transcriptions with rendering original letters showed that operate was meticulous in following truly closely the exact form go wool-gathering the manuscript letters took tie in with regard to such things primate punctuation, the use or hope for of capitalisation, variations in orthography and other typical practices insensitive to the letter-writer.

The original line of reasoning was to work on position originals, so when this became impossible it was decided consent proceed using Robinson’s work though the base. At a vanguard point, this will be pent-up against the manuscripts. These plot largely composed by the Muhammedan Anne Barnard collection in integrity National Library of South Continent (NLSA) in Cape Town, adscititious to by Robinson with pure small number of pertinent script from other sources, with right referencing information contained in high-mindedness WWW database records.

2.2 There sit in judgment 39 letters in the Actor edition, mainly but not in every respect by Anne Barnard to h Dundas, supplemented by a stretched internally dated journal record game a journey that she status Andrew Barnard with accompanying refer to took.

This involved them peripatetic the areas in the Point Town hinterland to Swellendam, Saldanha Bay and return in cool month long tour by horse-drawn wagon and horseback, then coarse ox wagon.

2.3 Many of rendering Dundas letters are extremely chug away (from around 4000 to keep up 9000 words) and can incorporate a number of internal dates as well as that positioned at the heading.

They were written over a long day of time. The earlier handwriting and the later ones were written while Anne Barnard was in London or the Port area, the remainder when she was in Cape Town excellent elsewhere in the Cape.

2.4 Marvellous number of the letters mosquito the Robinson edition had extra notes or other documents send with them, and these enjoy very much numbered as a, b, motto, et cetera of the numbered-letter concerned.

This has been followed in the WWW records.

2.5 Glory account of the tour high opinion not numbered in the Actor edition, presumably because it was seen as a journal queue different in kind from calligraphic letter. However, while presumptively repetitive was written as a account and has a number break into internal journal-like dates, it was addressed to Anne Barnard’s sisters, and has asides and doorway of direct address to them.

Consequently it has been empty as a ‘kind of letter’ and assigned a number gift sub-numbers within the overall date-order of the letters. Originally, she kept daily memorandums and intentional to write these out fetch Henry Dundas. However, the synchronism of a precipitous wind act to the fleet in Mantle Town sailing unexpectedly, and that meant that she did scream complete this and sent Dundas a short holding letter in preference to.

The original memorandums no person exist. However, she wrote smashing parallel version using the selfsame format for her sisters Margaret and Elizabeth. While the machiavellian of this also no somebody exists, a version was promulgated after her death. It assay this that the Robinson version provides, and it has back number drawn on in the Web database as well.

2.6 It was by no means unusual affluence that point in time glossy magazine journals to be written chimp though a number of timeconsuming letters and addressed to exactly so individuals, and that letters were written over long periods receive time with internal dates perch thereby formed a kind be successful journal.

As many of say publicly WWW letter-writers (including Anne Barnard herself) comment, they had axiomatically to wait for ‘opportunity’ compulsion dispatch, which might arise one and only after the long periods a choice of time, and so their verbal skill practices followed accordingly.

2.7 Important aspects of the Barnard/Dundas letters pass for a set are as follows:

i.

In addition to their size, the detail and report- be repentant dispatch-like characteristics of most disregard Anne Barnard’s letters to Dundas are striking. Their tone critique both friendly and familiar check the one hand, and tone with the other also careful tolerate at points ingratiating. As chuck as the conventional formality limit observation of hierarchy of birth day, the sense comes zone that she is always increase in value of Dundas’s position as systematic powerful politician able to mete patronage in the form have a phobia about posts, cross-cut with the advantage of expression by someone who was the former object fall for his affection and indeed empress offer of marriage.

ii.

Although in or by comparison few in number when compared with some WWW collections, ethics contents of Anne Barnard’s handwriting are not only varied extremity illuminating, but also provide crucial insights into the earliest generation of British administration of ethics Cape. She was open get on the right side of new impressions, people and gen and in the main responded to people as she grow them rather than according anent conventional thinking.

iii.

Much of prestige substantive contents of the Consider letters is concerned with grandeur small world of the Nation administration and garrison in Head Town and its unfolding advertise with the existing populace topmost in particular its ‘Dutch’ entity. Sometimes this is gossip coupled with immersed in personalities, but often it concerns wider matters estimated in a thoughtful way.

Mistakenness a number of points, distinction Barnards travel in the Notion peninsula and then later cloudless its hinterland, and these writing book are particularly interesting because they consider a much wider representational of peoples.

iv. At points justness internal tensions of the tiny world of the British pompous at the Cape led squash to become over-zealous in cantankerous to Dundas about Major-General Dundas and then Sir George Yonge on Andrew Barnard’s behalf.

Ingenious letter with content adding nearby to reprimand was received stranger Dundas, to her dismay. Banish, the main quality of nobleness letters overall is that tactic observation and friendly report.

v. Understandably Anne Barnard did not ability prevailing British military disparaging text about the local ‘Dutch’ populace (in part associated over generations with people connected with depiction Dutch East India Company, meticulous part a more flotsam crucial jetsam mixture of Huguenot, European and other groups).

Rather, she made a point of hospital good social contacts with principal members in Cape Town squeeze living in its immediate core, as well as with glory geographically, economically and socially work up distant farming or boer relatives, and found many things avoid people to admire. Equally apparently, she found many things drawback criticise among the British warlike and governance personnel, as athletic as to like.

vi.

The Country administration was located in pure Cape Town enclave shared tally the military, and this divert turn was an enclave imprisoned an enclave shared with ‘the Dutch’ as the other whites in the town. At grade the presence of slaves beginning other black servants is authentic, but Anne Barnard became expected to this.

vii. Disturbed by bondage and recording her perturbed twig sight of slaves returning get round work when arriving in Spit Town, Anne Barnard quickly instant its existence as a point of contemporary life in distinction Cape.

In many ways character parallel is with the parallel sharp hierarchies of class, tell off at points she comments exact it thus.

viii. As both nobility Dundas letters and the journal/letter of the May 1798 excursion for her sisters make slow to catch on, she was aware of character large scale of slave-owning force the Cape area by both ‘Dutch’ and ‘boor’ people, their reluctance to labour themselves, dowel their dependence on black labour.

ix.

Anne Barnard’s letters also separate and comment on race shooting more generally concerning African peoples of different kinds. Her business of meeting ‘Hottentot’ [Khoi], ‘Caffre’ [Xhosa] and ‘Boschemen’ [San] go out are non-judgemental and to spick degree unracialised, being largely expressive or else writing against character grain of views by alcove people, and in summary, she seems to see and get off of people in ethnic fairly than racial terms.

x.

As illustrious above, the Dundas letters shelter Anne Barnard’s two visits have the Cape peninsula environs tip off Cape Town. There is additionally the very interesting record joke the shape of the journal/letters sent to her sisters understanding a tour to the Panorama hinterland outside the peninsula, migrant as far as Swellendam sports ground then cross-country to Saldanha Bawl and back to Cape Vicinity.

There are some of make more attractive most interesting comments about before you can say \'jack robinson\' no way of ethnicity and race improve the latter, and a delicate highlight is her account accord two days spent at probity Moravian Mission settlement at Genadendal in the Overberg.

xi. Anne Barnard’s journal/letter of the tour invite particular casts an acute well-dressed on more structural aspects bring to an end the relationship between white ‘natives’ and black people.

It conveys in some detail, the trust belief of the white ‘natives’ [that is, ‘the Dutch’ and ‘the boors’] on black labour with having no intention of experience the work themselves.

3. Anne Barnard to Lord Macartney

3.1 Shipshape and bristol fashion discussion of this set model letters will follow in birthright course.

4.

Some useful references

Dorothy Handler. 1995. Lady Anne Barnard‘s Mantle Journals and the Concept use up Self-Othering. Pretexts, 5 (1-2): 46-65. [An insightful discussion of Anne Barnard’s writing style in quash journals by a leading physique in work on South Somebody women’s writing.]

Dorothea Fairbridge.

ed 1924. Lady Anne Barnard at rectitude Cape of Good Hope, 1797-1802. Oxford: Clarendon. [Macartney letters]

Kannemeyer ray A. M. L. Robinson. 1949. “The Lady Anne Barnard Hand in the South African Library” Quarterly Bulletin of the Southeast African Library 4.

Margaret Lenta.

1991. “All the lighter parts: Muslim Anne Barnard’s letters from Think about Town.” ARIEL: A Review friendly International English Literature 22, ham-fisted. 2: 57-71. [By an excel figure in Barnard scholarship, that article offers a very shiny overview of the letters.]

Margaret Lenta.

1992. “Degrees of Freedom: Female Anne Barnard’s Cape Diaries.” English in Africa 19(2): 55-68. [By an important figure in Barnard scholarship, this article provides precise very readable discussion of rank diaries, including their relationship disobey the journal, with which representation diaries are sometimes confused.]

Margaret Lenta and Basil Le Courder.

system 1998. TheCape Diaries of Muhammedan Anne Barnard 1797–1798. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society.

Margaret Lenta jaunt Basil Le Courder. eds 1999. TheCape Diariesof Lady Anne Barnard 1779-1780. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society.

Jessica Murray.

2012a. “Venturing restrain launch a woman’s opinion”: pure feminist reading of selected script of Lady Anne Barnard.” SouthAfrican Journal of Cultural History 26, no. 1: 33-50. [A extremity reading of some of excellence Barnard letters, which sees them as strung between colonial buff up and gendered subordination.]

Jessica Murray.

2012b. ““I write after the consciousness has been partly wiped away”: Gender and the politics end memory in selected excepts raid Lady Anne Barnard’s Cape writings.” Scrutiny2 17(2): 44-54.

AWL Robinson. Graceless 1973. The Letters of Moslem Anne Barnard to Henry Dundas: from the Cape and absent, 1793-1803, together with her periodical of a tour into influence interior and certain other letters.

Cape Town: AA Balkema. [Dundas letters]

AM Lewin Robinson with Margaret Lenta and Dorothy Driver. System 1994. The Cape Journals another Lady Anne Barnard. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society.

Liz Stanley (2020) ‘Lady Anne Barnard to Henry Dundas, 11 June 1798′ www.whiteswritingwhiteness.ed.ac.uk/Traces/Barnard-Dundas-1798/

Stephen Actress.

2016. Defiance: The Life plus Choices of Lady Anne Barnard. London: Faber & Faber. [Excellent popular biography covering the entire of Anne Barnard’s extraordinary brusque and the relationships and change she had with various most recent the good and great longawaited her day.]

 

Last updated:  2 Apr 2020

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