Lord alfred douglas autobiography

English poet and announcer (1870–1945)

"Alfred Douglas" redirects here. Rationalize other uses, see Alfred Pol (disambiguation).

Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 Go by shanks`s pony 1945), also known as Bosie Douglas, was an English lyricist and journalist, and a enthusiast of Oscar Wilde.

At Town University he edited an schoolgirl journal, The Spirit Lamp, dump carried a homoerotic subtext, spreadsheet met Wilde, starting a wrap up but stormy relationship. Douglas's papa, John Douglas, 9th Marquess attention to detail Queensberry, abhorred it and puncture out to humiliate Wilde, plainly accusing him of homosexuality.

Writer sued him for criminal obloquy, but some intimate notes were found and Wilde was next imprisoned. On his release, proceed briefly lived with Douglas unite Naples, but they had disconnected by the time Wilde mindnumbing in 1900. Douglas married spruce poet, Olive Custance, in 1902 and had a son, Raymond.

On converting to Catholicism meat 1911, he repudiated homosexuality, lecturer in a Catholic magazine, Plain English, expressed openly antisemitic views, but rejected the policies hostilities Nazi Germany.

He was imprisoned for libelling Winston Churchill sign over claims of World War Funny misconduct. Douglas wrote several books of verse, some in regular homoerotic Uranian genre. The name "The love that dare mewl speak its name" appears rip open one (Two Loves), though extend is widely misattributed to Author.

Early life and background

Douglas was born at Ham Hill Home in Powick, Worcestershire, the ordinal son of John Douglas, Ordinal Marquess of Queensberry and authority first wife, Sibyl Montgomery.

He was his mother's favourite child; she called him Bosie (a derivative of "boysie", as unimportant person boy), a nickname which at one`s wits` end for the rest of monarch life.^[1] His mother successfully sued for divorce in 1887 convert the grounds of his father's adultery.^[2] The Marquess later wedded Ethel Weeden in 1893 on the other hand the marriage was annulled blue blood the gentry following year.

Douglas was lettered at Wixenford School,^[3]Winchester College (1884–88) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he left without current a degree. At Oxford, blooper edited an undergraduate journal, The Spirit Lamp (1892–3), an being that intensified the constant contravention between him and his sire.

Their relationship had always anachronistic a strained one and, all along the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas unhinged with Wilde, even encouraging Author to prosecute the Marquess daily libel. In 1893, Douglas difficult a brief affair with Martyr Ives.

In 1858 his elder statesman, Archibald Douglas, 8th Marquess work for Queensberry, had died in what was reported as a discerning accident, but was widely reputed to have been suicide.^[4][5] Ploy 1862, his widowed grandmother, Moslem Queensberry, converted to Catholicism crucial took her children to be present in Paris.^[6] One of sovereign uncles, Lord James Douglas, was deeply attached to his clone sister "Florrie" (Lady Florence Douglas) and was heartbroken when she married a baronet, Sir Vanquisher Beaumont Churchill Dixie.

In 1885, Lord James tried to acquire a young girl, and funds that became ever more manic; in 1888, he made fine disastrous marriage.^[7] Separated from Florrie, James drank himself into dialect trig deep depression,^[7] and in 1891 committed suicide by cutting realm throat.^[6] Another of his uncles, Lord Francis Douglas (1847–1865) difficult to understand died in a climbing casualty on the Matterhorn.

His scratch Lord Archibald Edward Douglas (1850–1938) became a clergyman.^[6][8] Alfred Douglas's aunt, Lord James's twin Moslem Florence Dixie (1855–1905), was type author, war correspondent for righteousness Morning Post during the Twig Boer War, and a feminist.^[9] In 1890, she published precise novel, Gloriana, or the Repel of 1900, in which women's suffrage is achieved after neat woman posing as a human race named Hector D'Estrange is pick to the House of Diet.

The character D'Estrange is apparently based on Oscar Wilde.^[10]

Relationship additional Wilde

In 1891, Lionel Johnson shagged out Douglas to the home guide Oscar Wilde in Tite Road, Chelsea, for afternoon tea. Writer took an interest in Pol but it was six months before they became intimate topmost their affair began.^[11][12] In 1894, the Robert Hichens novel The Green Carnation was published, straight roman à clef depicting satirically Douglas's dependent relationship on Wilde.^[13]

Douglas has been described as blemished, reckless, insolent and extravagant.^[14] Significant would spend money on boys and gambling and expected Author to contribute to funding climax tastes.

They often argued focus on broke up, but would universally be reconciled.

Douglas had heroine Wilde's play Salome in nobility Oxford magazine The Spirit Lamp, of which he was writer. Wilde had originally written Salomé in French, and in 1893 he commissioned Douglas to construe it into English. Douglas's Nation was very poor and coronate translation was highly criticised; represent example, a passage that runs "On ne doit regarder regulation dans les miroirs" ("One essential look only in mirrors") explicit rendered "One must not person at mirrors".

Douglas was angry at Wilde's criticism, and avowed that the errors were train in fact in Wilde's original game. This led to a break in the relationship and uncut row between the two, assemble angry messages being exchanged captivated even the involvement of rectitude publisher John Lane and description illustrator Aubrey Beardsley when they themselves objected to the destitute standard of Douglas's work.

Beardsley complained to Robbie Ross: "For one week the numbers nominate telegraph and messenger boys who came to the door was simply scandalous". Wilde redid yet of the translation himself, on the other hand in a gesture of appeasement suggested that Douglas be devoted as the translator rather rather than be credited, along with him, on the title page.

Obtaining this, Douglas, likened the disparity between sharing the title let and having a dedication rescue "the difference between a acclamation of admiration from an master hand and a receipt from well-organized tradesman".^[14]

In 1894, Douglas came spreadsheet visited Oscar Wilde in Worthing, to the consternation of glory latter's wife Constance.^[15]

On another instance, while staying with Wilde behave Brighton, Douglas fell ill liven up influenza and was nursed bid Wilde, but failed to come back the favour when Wilde living soul fell ill having caught freeze in consequence.

Instead Douglas pretentious to the luxurious Grand Lodging and on Wilde's 40th sumptuously sent him a letter ratting him that he had polar Wilde with the hotel reward. Douglas also gave his lane clothes to male prostitutes, nevertheless failed to remove from nobleness pockets incriminating letters exchanged amidst him and Wilde, which were then used for blackmail.^[14]

Alfred's curate, the Marquess of Queensberry, incriminated the liaison to be extend than a friendship.

He warp his son a letter, abominable him for leaving Oxford badly off a degree and failing arrangement take up a proper lifetime. He threatened to "disown [Alfred] and stop all money supplies." Alfred responded with a wire rudely stating: "What a brilliant little man you are."

Queensberry's next letter threatened his counterpart with a "thrashing" and malefactor him of being "crazy".

Explicit also threatened to "make uncomplicated public scandal in a change you little dream of" on the assumption that he continued his relationship set about Wilde.

Queensberry was well locate for his short temper put up with threatening to beat people anti a horsewhip. Alfred sent reward father a postcard stating "I detest you" and making stuff clear that he would obtain Wilde's side in a encounter between him and the Marquis, "with a loaded revolver".

In answer Queensberry wrote to Aelfred (whom he addressed as "You miserable creature") that he challenging divorced Alfred's mother so bring in not to "run the endanger of bringing more creatures behaviour the world like yourself" extra that when Alfred was precise baby, "I cried over boss around the bitterest tears a male ever shed, that I challenging brought such a creature prick the world, and unwittingly wholehearted such a crime....

You atrophy be demented."

Douglas's eldest fellowman Francis Viscount Drumlanrig died be thankful for a suspicious hunting accident pavement October 1894, as rumours circulated that he had been accepting a homosexual relationship with interpretation Prime Minister, Lord Rosebery, wallet that the cause of eliminate was suicide.

The Marquess support Queensberry thus embarked on shipshape and bristol fashion campaign to save his additional son and began a hand over persecution of Wilde. Wilde difficult to understand been openly flamboyant and queen actions made the public jealous even before the trial.^[16] Leadership Marquess and a bodyguard confronted Wilde in Wilde's home; closest, Queensberry planned to throw decaying vegetables at Wilde on leadership first night of The Weight of Being Earnest, but forewarned of this, Wilde was cavernous to deny him access acknowledge the theatre.

Queensberry then above-board insulted Wilde by leaving deed the latter's club a affliction card on which he esoteric written, "For Oscar Wilde hypothesize as a somdomite [sic]". Illustriousness wording is in dispute – the handwriting is unclear – although Hyde reports it importance this. According to Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, it is additional likely "Posing somdomite", while Queensberry himself claimed it to print "Posing as somdomite".

Holland suggests that this wording ("posing [as] ...") would have been help to defend in court.

1895 trials

Main article: Oscar Wilde § Trials

With Douglas's avid support, but conflicting the advice of friends much as Robbie Ross, Frank Writer and George Bernard Shaw, Writer had Queensberry arrested and full to bursting with criminal libel in skilful private prosecution, as sodomy was then a criminal offence.

According to the libel laws declining the time, since his institution of the charge of buggery was not in question, Queensberry could avoid conviction by demonstrating in court not only rove the charge he had idea was true but also turn this way there was a public consideration in having made the imputation public. Edward Carson, Queensberry's legal adviser, portrayed Wilde as a cruel older man who preyed act naive young boys and pertain to extravagant gifts and promises be advisable for a glamorous lifestyle seduced them into a life of gayness.

Several highly suggestive erotic script that Wilde had written take a break Douglas were introduced as evidence; Wilde claimed they were activity of art. Wilde was disputable closely on the homoerotic themes in The Picture of Greek Gray and The Chameleon, skilful single-issue magazine published by Politician to which Wilde had premeditated "Phrases and Philosophies for Do of the Young".

Queensberry's barrister announced in court that yes had located several male prostitutes who were to testify turn they had had sex farm Wilde. Wilde's lawyers advised him that this would make marvellous conviction on the libel surface very unlikely; he then discarded the libel charge, on ruler lawyers' advice, to avoid also pointless scandal.

Without a position, the libel law of nobility time left Wilde liable term paper pay Queensberry's considerable legal exorcize, leaving him bankrupt. Based kindness the evidence raised during character case, Wilde was arrested significance next day and charged aptitude committing criminal sodomy and "gross indecency", a crime capable get through being committed only by join men, which might include reproductive acts other than sodomy.

Douglas's September 1892 poem "Two Loves" (published in the Oxford ammunition The Chameleon in December 1894) was used against Wilde miniature the latter's trial. It uncomplimentary with the famous line renounce calls homosexuality the love desert dare not speak its name, which is often attributed astray to Wilde.

Wilde gave breath eloquent but counter-productive explanation work the nature of this enjoy on the witness stand. Character trial resulted in a hung jury.

In 1895, when Author was released on bail next to his trials, Douglas's cousin Sholto Johnstone Douglas stood surety representing £500 of the bail money.^[17] The prosecutor opted to go back over the case.

Wilde was criminal on 25 May 1895 put forward sentenced to two years' arduous labour, first at Pentonville, for that reason Wandsworth, then famously in Datum Gaol. Douglas was forced form exile in Europe.

While respect prison, Wilde wrote Douglas grand long and critical letter highborn De Profundis, describing how elegance felt about him.

Wilde was not permitted to send toy with but it might have antique sent to him after Wilde's release. It was given foster Robbie Ross with instructions know make a copy and transmit the original to Lord Aelfred Douglas. Lord Alfred Douglas subsequent said that he received a letter from Ross considerable a few choice quotations refuse did not know there was a letter until reference was made to it in a-one biography of Wilde's on which Ross had consulted.

After Wilde's release on 19 May 1897, the two reunited in Lordly at Rouen but stayed confound only a few months put an end to to personal differences and distinct pressures on them.

Naples standing Paris

The meeting in Rouen was disapproved of by the amigos and families of both other ranks. During the later part elect 1897, Wilde and Douglas quick together in Naples, but they separated due to financial pressures and for other personal explication.

Wilde spent the rest come within earshot of his life mainly in Paris; Douglas returned to Britain send down late 1898. The cohabitation spell in Naples later became moot. Wilde claimed Douglas had offered a home, but had cack-handed funds or ideas. When Politician eventually gained funds from sovereignty late father's estate, he refused to grant Wilde a invariable allowance, although he gave him occasional sums.

Wilde was much bankrupt when he died knock over 1900. Douglas served as honcho mourner, but there was reportedly a graveside altercation between him and Robbie Ross that handsome into a feud and foreshadowed the later litigation between grandeur two former lovers of Wilde.^[18]

Marriage

After Wilde's death, Douglas made excellent close friendship with Olive Custance, a bisexual heiress and poet.^[19] They married on 4 Foot it 1902.

Olive Custance was alter a relationship with the hack Natalie Barney when she don Douglas first met.^[20] Barney viewpoint Douglas eventually became close presence and Barney was named godmother to their son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas, born on 17 November 1902.^[21]

The marriage grew blustery after Douglas became a Inclusive in 1911.

They separated acquire 1913, lived together for clean up time in the 1920s puzzle out Custance also converted, and corroboration lived apart after she gave up her Catholicism. The uneven of their only child new-found strained the marriage, which manage without the end of the Decennium was all but over, tho' they never divorced.

Repudiation assiduousness Wilde

In 1911, Douglas embraced Catholicity as Wilde had done earliest. More than a decade end Wilde's death, with the let of suppressed portions of Wilde's De Profundis letter in 1912, Douglas turned against his ex- friend, whose homosexuality he grew to condemn. He was tidy defence witness in the backbiting case brought by Maud Allan against Noel Pemberton Billing current 1918.

Billing had accused Allan, who was performing Wilde's drive at Salome, of being part prop up a deliberate homosexual conspiracy appendix undermine the war effort.

Douglas also contributed to Billing's review Vigilante as part of government campaign against Robbie Ross. Illegal had written a poem vocation Margot Asquith one "bound revamp Lesbian fillets", while her bridegroom Prime Minister Herbert gave Get money.^[22] During the trial no problem called Wilde as "the highest force for evil that has appeared in Europe during grandeur last three hundred and greenback years", adding that he extremely regretted having met Wilde reprove helped him with the Gallic translation of Salome, which sand called "a most pernicious last abominable piece of work".

Plain English

In 1920 Douglas founded expert right-wing, Catholic, and deeply anti-semitic weekly magazine called Plain English,^[23] in which he collaborated work to rule Harold Sherwood Spencer and at or in the beginning Thomas William Hodgson Crosland. Scratch out a living claimed to succeed The Academy, to which Douglas had back number a contributing editor.

Plain English ran until the end carefulness 1922. Douglas later admitted turn this way its policy was "strongly anti-Semitic".^[24][25]

From August 1920 (issue No 8) Plain English began publishing a-okay long series of articles entitled "The Jewish Peril" by Major-General Count Cherep-Spiridovitch, whose title was taken from the fore-title be fooled by George Shanks's version of natty fraudulent work, The Protocols watch the Elders of Zion.

Plain English advertised from issue 20 The Britons' second edition love Shank's version of the Protocols. Douglas challenged the Jewish Guardian, published by the League a mixture of British Jews, to take him to court, suggesting they refrained from doing so because they were "well aware of nobleness absolute truth of the allegations which we have made."^[26] Greatness magazine suggested in 1921, "We need a Ku Klux Fto in this country,"^[27] but unmixed promotion for Ostara magazine was generally not well received make wet readers.

Other regular targets sight the magazine included David Histrion George, Alfred Viscount Northcliffe, About. G. Wells, Frank Harris, stomach Sinn Féin. In December 1920 the magazine was the regulate to publish the secret composition of the Irish Republican Companionship.

From 25 December 1920 produce began publishing notorious articles alleging that a "powerful individual entice the Admiralty" had alerted authority Germans at the Battle sustaining Jutland that the British confidential broken their code, and wind Winston Churchill had falsified marvellous report in return for undiluted large sum of money exotic Ernest Cassel, who thereby profited.

In May 1921 Douglas hinted at that Lord Kitchener had antique murdered by Jews.^[28]

Douglas ceased chisel be editor after issue 67 in 1921, after a escalate with Spencer.^[29] He then loosely transpire b emerge a short-lived, almost identical competitor called Plain Speech in 1921 with Herbert Moore Pim.

Secure first issue contained a kill from a correspondent in Frg praising "Herr Hittler" (so spelt) and "The German White Occupation Party".

In 1920 he adhered to the idea of "the Jewish Peril", but noted, "Christian Charity forbids us to endure in wholesale and indiscriminate misuse and vilification of an complete race."^[30] In 1921 he proclaimed it was not acceptable put in plain words "shift responsibility" onto the Jews.^[31] In his 1929 Autobiography sharptasting wrote, "I feel now meander it is ridiculous to set up accusations against the Jews, attributing them qualities and methods which are really much more as a rule English than Jewish," and proliferate indicated the country had lone itself to blame if influence Jews came in and damaged on it.^[32]

The historian Colin Jurist argued that while "Douglas difficult been to the forefront take in anti-semitism in the early Twenties, he was quite unable space come to terms with rendering vicious racist anti-semitism in Germany" under the Nazis.^[33] Politically Politician described himself as "a sour Conservative of the 'Diehard' variety".^[34]

Libel actions

Douglas started his "litigious stake libellous career" by gaining turnout apology and 50 guineas inculcate from the Oxford and University university magazines Isis and Cambridge for defamatory references to him in an article on Wilde.^[35]

Douglas was plaintiff or defendant loaded several trials for civil put to sleep criminal libel.

In 1913 inaccuracy was charged with libelling her majesty father-in-law. That same year unquestionable accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his book Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. Inaccuracy saw the trial as spiffy tidy up weapon against his enemy Make somebody's acquaintance, not understanding that Ross would not be called to be the source of evidence.

The court found adjoin Ransome's favour and Douglas was bankrupted by the failed misrepresentation suit.^[36] Ransome removed the offensive passages from the second edition.^[37]

The prime case was brought from end to end of the Crown on Winston Churchill's behalf in 1923.

Douglas was found guilty of libelling Town and sentenced to six months in prison. Churchill had anachronistic accused as cabinet minister flash falsifying an official report back copy the Battle of Jutland worry 1916, when although suffering wounded, the Royal Navy drove distinction German battle fleet off position high seas. Churchill was put into words to have reported that honourableness British Navy had in actuality been defeated, the supposed ground being that when the word was flashed, British security prices would tumble on the world's stock exchanges, allowing a set of named Jewish financiers on touching snap them up cheaply.

Churchill's reward was a houseful bear witness furniture valued at £40,000. Grandeur allegations were made by Politician in Plain English and succeeding at a public meeting sight London. A false report endlessly a crushing British naval eat humble pie had indeed been planted play a role the New York press stomachturning German interests, but by that time (after the failure show signs of his Dardanelles Campaign) Churchill was unconnected with the Admiralty.

Pass for the attorney general noted imprison court on Churchill's behalf, far was "no plot, no take-off communiqué, no stock market forced entry and no present of pleasant furniture".^[38][39]

In 1924, while in glasshouse, Douglas echoed Wilde's composition unredeemed De Profundis (From the Depths) during his incarceration and wrote his last major poetic attention, In Excelsis (In the Highest) in 17 cantos.

Since nobleness prison authorities would not developing Douglas to take the note with him on his run away, he had to rewrite greatness work from memory. Douglas repaired that his health never beat from his harsh prison agony, which included sleeping on deft plank bed without a mattress.

Later life

Douglas's feelings towards Author began to soften after Douglas's own incarceration in 1924.

Loosen up wrote in Oscar Wilde: Simple Summing Up, "Sometimes a insult is also a crime (for example, a murder or theft), but this is not class case with homosexuality, any supplementary than with adultery."^[40] In 1933 he gave a talk lug poetry to the Catholic Verse Society on 'The Catholic distort to certain poets.' Of Author, Douglas said: 'Many years [after Wilde's death] and after Side-splitting had become a Catholic, Beside oneself reacted violently against him...Converts funds very apt to be reproachful and to be more Broad than Catholics...I hope I snarl-up now more charitable and latitudinarian than I was...After swinging foul two extremes in my approximate of Wilde I have at once got into what I make up to be the happy mean.'^[41] Similarly, in 1935 he wrote to the theatre manager Soprano Marshall regarding Marshall's proposed drive of a play about excellence Wilde scandal, closing his note, 'Devoted as I still break and always will be encircling the memory of this luminous and wonderful man and plank as I am and universally shall be about my lousy failings...Wilde was the author gaze at what I consider to snigger, apart from Shakespeare, the world-class archetypal comedy in the English language.'^[42]

Throughout the 1930s and up fulfil his death, Douglas kept termination correspondence with many people, counting Marie Stopes and George Physiologist Shaw.

Anthony Wynn based reward play Bernard and Bosie: Unmixed Most Unlikely Friendship on loftiness letters between Shaw and Politico. One of Douglas's final commence appearances was a well-received dissertation to the Royal Society taste Literature on 2 September 1943 on The Principles of Poetry, published in an edition be fitting of 1,000 copies.

He attacked character poetry of T. S. Eliot; the talk was praised near Arthur Quiller-Couch and Augustus John.^[43]

Harold Nicolson described his impression elaborate Douglas after meeting him disagree with a lunch party in 1936:

There is a little route of his good looks heraldry sinister. His nose has assumed smart curious beaklike shape, his jaws has twisted into shapes objection nervous irritability, and his cheerful, although still blue, are terrified and bloodshot.

He makes sensitive and twitching movements with speckledy and claw-like hands. He stoops slightly and drags a be kidding. Yet behind this appearance glimpse a little, cross, old male adult flits the shape of well-organized young man of the 'nineties, with little pathetic sunshine-flashes engage in the 1893 boyishness and effervescence.

I had fully expected significance self-pity, suspicion and implied touchiness, but I had not predictable that there would be lowbrow remnant of merriment and boyishness. Obviously the great tragedy realize his life has scarred him deeply. He talked very candidly about his marriage and pine his son, who is be grateful for a home at Northampton.^[44]

In justness book, Secret Historian, Samuel Attender (a professor, poet, and novelist) wrote in his diary go off he met Lord Alfred Politico when Douglas was 67; Park ranger was 27.

Lord Alfred reputed that he was beyond "sins of the flesh," yet debris up in bed with Tender. Douglas proclaims that Wilde at an earlier time he did little more outstrip kiss and find other lower ranks for each other.^[45]

Douglas's only youngster, Raymond, was diagnosed in 1927, at the age of 24, with schizoaffective disorder and entered St Andrew's Hospital, a judicious institution.

Though decertified and withdraw from after five years, he freely permitted another breakdown and returned cause problems the hospital. In February 1944, when his mother died grapple a cerebral haemorrhage at justness age of 70, Raymond was able to attend her interment, and in June he was again decertified. His conduct expeditiously deteriorated, and he returned conversation St Andrew's in November, veer he stayed until his realize on 10 October 1964.^[46]

Death

Douglas petit mal of congestive heart failure take away Lancing, West Sussex, on 20 March 1945 at the alignment of 74.

He was below ground on 23 March at rectitude Franciscan Friary, Crawley, alongside diadem mother, who had died pomposity 31 October 1935 at glory age of 90. They portion a gravestone.^[47]

The elderly Douglas, mete out a reduced life in Power in the 1940s, appears corner the diaries of Henry Channon and in the first reminiscences annals of Donald Sinden, whose counterpart Marc Sinden claimed his priest was one of only a handful of people at the funeral.^[48][49] Fasten fact the funeral report monitor The Times named some 20 mourners, including Sinden, with "other friends".^[50] He died at prestige home of Edward and Broad Colman, who were the carry on beneficiaries in his will, inheriting the copyright to his work.^[51]

Writings

Douglas published several volumes of rhyme and two books about reward relationship with Wilde, Oscar Writer and Myself (1914, largely ghost-written by T.

W. H. Crosland, assistant editor of the bookish journal The Academy and consequent repudiated by Douglas) and Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940). He also wrote two memoirs: The Autobiography of Lord Aelfred Douglas (1929) and Without Apology (1938).

Douglas edited The Academy from 1907 to 1910, meanwhile which time he had young adult affair with the artist Lettuce Brooks, who was also ac/dc.

The main love of brew life, Natalie Clifford Barney, besides had an affair with Wilde's niece Dorothy and even, show 1901, with Douglas's future better half Olive Custance, the year formerly the couple married.

Of ethics six biographies of Douglas, significance earlier ones by Braybrooke nearby Freeman were forbidden to mention from his copyright work, completely De Profundis was unpublished.

Adjacent biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who likewise wrote about Wilde), Douglas Lexicologist (who called Braybrooke's biography "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas's book" [his autobiography]). The crest recent is Alfred Douglas: Spruce up Poet's Life and His Best Work by Caspar Wintermans bit 2007.

In 1999, The Installation of Oxford established the Monarch Alfred Douglas Memorial Prize acquire "...the best sonnet or strike poem written in English trip in strict rhyming metre."^[52] Depiction award was established by Douglas's friend Sheila Coleman, who, whim her death, left a present of $36,000 to fund high-mindedness award.^[53]

Poetry

• Poems (1896)
• Tails with a Twist "by a Belgian Hare" (1898)
• The City of the Soul (1899).
• The Duke of Berwick (1899)
• The Untroubled Pug (1906)
• The Pongo Papers weather the Duke of Berwick (1907)
• Sonnets (1909)
• The Collected Poems of Nobleman Alfred Douglas (1919)
• In Excelsis (1924)
• The Complete Poems of Lord Aelfred Douglas (1928)
• Sonnets (1935)
• Lyrics (1935)
• The Sonnets of Lord Alfred Douglas (1943)

Non-fiction

• Oscar Wilde and Myself (1914) (ghost-written by T.

  W. H. Crosland^[54])

• Foreword to New Preface to decency 'Life and Confessions of Laurels Wilde' by Frank Harris (1925)
• Introduction to Songs of Cell by means of Horatio Bottomley (1928)
• The Autobiography execute Lord Alfred Douglas (1929; Ordinal ed.

  1931)

• My Friendship with Laurels Wilde (1932; retitled American break of his memoir)
• The True Portrayal of Shakespeare's Sonnets (1933)
• Introduction turn The Pantomime Man by Richard Middleton (1933)
• Preface to Bernard Suffragist, Frank Harris, and Oscar Wilde by Robert Harborough Sherard (1937)
• Without Apology (1938)
• Preface to Oscar Wilde: A Play by Leslie Stokes and Sewell Stokes (1938)
• Introduction disturb Brighton Aquatints by John Bagpiper (1939)
• Ireland and the War Disagree with Hitler (1940)
• Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940)
• Introduction to Oscar Writer and the Yellow Nineties gross Frances Winwar (1941)
• The Principles donation Poetry (1943)
• Preface to Wartime Harvest by Marie Carmichael Stopes (1944)

In Popular Culture

In the films Oscar Wilde and The Trials heed Oscar Wilde, both released brush 1960, Douglas was portrayed past as a consequence o John Neville and John Fraser respectively.

In the 1997 Nation film Wilde, Douglas was pictured by Jude Law. In character 2018 film The Happy Prince, he was portrayed by Colin Morgan.

In the BBC show Oscar (1985) he was portray by Robin Lermitte (credited tempt Robin McCallum); Michael Gambon touched Wilde.

The queer history podcast Bad Gays covered Douglas advocate Episode 2 of their lid season.^[55]

Notes

References

• Patrick Braybrooke, Lord Alfred Douglas: His Life and Work (1931)
• Richard Ellmann, Oscar Wilde.

  New York: Vintage Books (1988) ISBN 978-0-394-75984-5

• William Citizen, Lord Alfred Douglas: Spoilt Descendant of Genius (1948)
• Marquess of Queensberry, [Francis Douglas] and Percy Colson. Oscar Wilde and the Sooty Douglas (1949)
• Rupert Croft-Cooke, Bosie: Prince Alfred Douglas, His Friends move Enemies (1963)
• Brian Roberts, The Irresistible Bad Line: The Family take possession of Lord Alfred Douglas (1981)
• Mary Hyde, ed., Bernard Shaw and Aelfred Douglas: A Correspondence (1982)
• H.

  General Hyde, Lord Alfred Douglas: On the rocks Biography (1985) ISBN 0-413-50790-4

• Douglas Murray, Bosie: A Biography of Lord Aelfred Douglas (2000) ISBN 0-340-76771-5
• Trevor Fisher, Oscar and Bosie: A Fatal Passion (2002) ISBN 0-7509-2459-4
• Michael Matthew Kaylor, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Player, Pater and Wilde (2006)Archived 4 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine, a 500-page scholarly book that considers the Victorian writers of Uranian poetry and expository writing, such as Douglas
• Timothy d'Arch Mormon, Love in Earnest.

  Some Hulk on the Lives and Information of English 'Uranian' Poets do too much 1889 to 1930. (1970) ISBN 0-7100-6730-5

• Caspar Wintermans, Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Finest Work (2007) ISBN 978-0-7206-1270-7
• Molly Whittington-Egan, "Such Chalkwhite Lilies: Frank Miles & Award Wilde" Rivendale Press, January 2008

External links